Phytophthora RxLR effector Pi18609 suppresses host immunity by promoting turnover of a positive immune regulator StBBX27.

Oomycete pathogens deliver a number of RxLR effector proteins into host plant cells to manipulate immunity by targeting diverse host proteins. Here, we reveal that a Phytophthora infestans RxLR effector Pi18609 targets a potato B-box transcription factor (BBX), StBBX27, which was identified to positively regulate late blight resistance. Silencing the ortholog NbBBX27 in Nicotiana benthamiana or RNA interfering StBBX27 in potato increases host colonization by P.

Prediction of respiratory diseases based on random forest model.

In recent years, the random forest model has been widely applied to analyze the relationships among air pollution, meteorological factors, and human health. To investigate the patterns and influencing factors of respiratory disease-related medical visits, this study utilized data on medical visits from urban areas of Tianjin, meteorological observations, and pollution data. First, the temporal variation characteristics of medical visits from 2013 to 2019 were analyzed.

Coffee consumption is associated with later age-at-onset of Parkinson's disease.

Observation studies suggest that coffee consumption may lower the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to explore the causal relationship and genetic association between coffee consumption and the age-at-onset (AAO), risk, and progression of PD. Using Mendelian randomization, we identified a significant association between coffee consumption and delayed PD AAO (IVW: OR, 1.

Yinaoxin granule alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by ferroptosis inhibition through Nrf2 pathway activation.

Background: Lipid peroxide accumulation plays significant roles in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) through various mechanisms, including ferroptosis. Preserving the neuronal metabolic equilibrium and averting cell death during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion are pivotal for protecting brain function. Yinaoxin granule (YNX) is a widely used Chinese herbal preparations for treating cerebrovascular diseases, but pharmacological mechanism remains ambiguous.

Rethinking the Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoid Profile of Bitter Gourd ( L.): The Chemical Transformation of Momordicine I in Solution.

L., commonly known as bitter gourd, is a popular vegetable and medical herb in many countries. The most characteristic phytochemical profile of bitter gourd is its high content of cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, which are responsible for its bitter taste and therapeutic potential.

Research on the activity of dry-discharge coal-fired slag of different particle sizes and their performance as precursors of alkali-activated backfilling cementitious materials.

Coal-fired slag (CFS) is one of the significant solid wastes generated in the process of coal development and utilization. There are obvious differences in the properties of CFS with different particle sizes after high-temperature melting, which affects its quality and limits its high-value application, exacerbating the contradiction between development and the environment. This study investigates the activity differences among various graded CFS and establishes a relationship between CFS particle size and its performance.

Detection of nonylphenol isomers in sewage and sludge of waste water treatment plant by GC-FID-MS combined with deans switch.

Nonylphenols (NPs) are persistent endocrine-disrupting organic pollutant. Most studies focus on total NP content, with limited research on individual isomers. This study developed a method to separation and detection of 10 NP isomers using GC-FID-MS combined with Deans switch.

Modular Assembly of Chalcones, Tosylhydrazones, and KSCN/KSeCN for the Synthesis of Trisubstituted Imidazo[2,1-][1,3,4]thiadiazoles/selenadiazoles.

A modular protocol that achieved the efficient synthesis of imidazo[2,1-][1,3,4]thiadiazoles/selenadiazoles via using easily available -tosylhydrazones, chalcone derivatives, and KSCN/KSeCN is proposed. The method overcomes the elongated synthesis steps and prefunctionalized synthons of previous methods. It solves the problem of traditional preparation methods, which makes it difficult to synthesize thickened selenium-containing heterocyclic molecules, further expanding the number of members in its family.

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN EPILEPSY-RELATED POLYGENIC RISK AND BRAIN MORPHOLOGY IN CHILDHOOD.

Temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) is associated with a complex genetic architecture, but the translation from genetic risk factors to brain vulnerability remains unclear. Here, we examined associations between epilepsy-related polygenic risk scores for HS (PRS-HS) and brain structure in a large sample of neurotypical children, and correlated these signatures with case-control findings in in multicentric cohorts of patients with TLE-HS. Imaging-genetic analyses revealed PRS-related cortical thinning in temporo-parietal and fronto-central regions, strongly anchored to distinct functional and structural network epicentres.

Deamination mechanism of modified magnesium slag using wet aging and its performance evolution as backfill material.

The purpose of this study is to solve the problem of ammonia (NH) release when modified magnesium slag (MMS) is used as coal mine backfill cementitious material, and to explore its chemical mechanism and put forward effective solutions. Uniaxial compressive strengths (UCS) hydration kinetics, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and other testing methods were used to study the evolution of the properties of MMS-based backfill material, which provided a scientific basis for the safe utilization of MMS. First, the chemical mechanism underlying the release of NH from MMS was identified, and it was confirmed that MgN and LiN are the main nitrogen sources.

Effects of biological agents on rhizosphere microecological environment and nutrient availability for rice.

As the world's population grows, pursuing sustainable agricultural production techniques to increase crop yields is critical to ensuring global food security. The development and application of biological agents is of great significance in promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. This study aimed to investigate the role of JZ (compound microbial agent) and MZ (biological agent made from plant materials) in improving the rhizosphere microecological environment and nutrient availability for rice.

Wet deposition of atmospheric Hg in a typical inland city in North China: Sources, influencing factors, and health risk assessment.

Understanding the composition of mercury (Hg) in the atmosphere is important for confirming its sources and to preventing and reduce the production. To explore the morphological distribution characteristics of wet Hg concentrations in Xi'an Shaanxi Province, China, total Hg (THg), dissolved Hg (DTHg), reactive Hg (RTHg) and particulate-bound Hg (PTHg) (Hg insoluble in water) were measured at 72 precipitation in Xi'an from September 2020 to July 2022, and their average concentrations were 3.035 ± 3.

β-Thioamide Sulfone Enabled Copper-Catalyzed Ring-Opening/Sulfonylation of Cyclopropenes: Access to Alkyl Aryl Sulfones.

Sulfone motifs play important roles in bioactive compounds and functional materials. The development of efficient methodologies for constructing sulfonyl-containing compounds has thus attracted considerable attention. Here, we introduce a protocol for the preparation of alkyl aryl sulfones under mild conditions.

Metabolic dysfunction contributes to mood disorders after traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents significant risks concerning mortality and morbidity. Individuals who suffer from TBI may exhibit mood disorders, including anxiety and depression. Both preclinical and clinical research have established correlations between TBI and disturbances in the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, iron, zinc, and copper, which are implicated in the emergence of mood disorders post-TBI.

The transition of tetragonal to monoclinic phase in BiVO coupled with peroxymonosulfate for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride.

At present, the mechanism difference between tetragonal BiVO (t-BiVO) and monoclinic BiVO (m-BiVO) coupled peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to realize photocatalysis is still unclear. In this study, m-BiVO and t-BiVO were obtained by adjusting the bismuth-vanadium ratio in the precursor solution (Bi:V = 3:1; 1:1; 1:2 and 1:3). The results of photocatalytic experiments showed that both t-BiVO and m-BiVO had certain activation effects on PMS, and the prepared monoclinic B1V2 has the strongest photocatalytic performance.

Compatibility of modified magnesium slag-based backfill materials to polycarboxylate superplasticizer: Flow, water-film thickness and strength.

Fluidity influences the use of backfill materials in the mining industry. A new backfill material-modified magnesium slag-based backfill materials (MFPB)-is made from solid waste from coal and metallurgy. We focus on the compatibility of polycarboxylate water reducing agent (SP) with MFPB and its effect on MFPB performance.

Wheat WW Domain-Containing Protein TaCFL1 Negatively Regulates Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis.

Waxy cuticle covers plant aerial organs and protects plants against environmental challenges. Although improved cuticle-associated traits are aimed at the wheat breeding programs, the mechanism governing wheat cuticular wax biosynthesis remains to be elucidated. Herein, wheat WW domain-containing protein TaCFL1 is characterized as a negative regulator of wax biosynthesis.

Electroreforming of plastic wastes for value-added products.

The problem of plastic pollution is becoming increasingly serious, and there is an urgent need to reduce the use of plastics and to improve the recovery rate of plastic wastes. Plastic wastes can be transformed into value-added chemicals at the anode through electrocatalytic conversion, while coupling with cathodic reduction reactions to achieve cogeneration of valuable anodic and cathodic products. The plastic electroreforming technology has unprecedented advantages, including a green and decentralizable process, renewable energy storage, ecological benefits, resource recovery, cost-effectiveness, and so on.

Conversion, prediction, and application of strength and stiffness parameters for grouted reconstructed rock mass.

Ultrasonic detection has emerged as a rapid method for acquiring rock mass sound velocity and converting it into an elastic modulus parameter, a pivotal technique for investigating the in-situ mechanical properties of rock masses. Despite its significance, accurately deducing rock mass strength from elastic modulus remains a formidable challenge and a pressing issue in the realm of protorock parameter research. This study introduces an innovative artificial intelligence-driven methodology for transforming elastic modulus and strength parameters specific to coal measures through rigorous data analysis and experimental validation.

Impacts of emission reduction and meteorological conditions on air quality improvement from 2016 to 2020 in the Northeast Plain, China.

The Northeast Plain in China ranks among the top five regions that have been significantly impacted by haze pollution. To effectively control pollution, it is crucial to accurately assess the effects of emission reduction measures. In this study, we analyzed surveillance data and found substantial decreases (ranging from 19.

Potato β-aminobutyric acid receptor IBI1 manipulates VOZ1 and VOZ2 transcription factor activity to promote disease resistance.

Upon infection with nonpathogenic microorganisms or treatment with natural or synthetic compounds, plants exhibit a more rapid and potent response to both biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon, known as defense priming, are poorly understood. β-minobutyric acid (BABA) is an endogenous stress metabolite that enhances plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses and primes plant defense responses, providing the ability to resist a variety of pathogens (broad-spectrum resistance).