Combination of Botulinum Toxin and minocycline Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain Through Antioxidant Stress and Anti-Inflammation via Promoting SIRT1 Pathway.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is one of the intractable complications of spinal cord injury (SCI), with poor prognosis and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. This study aims to determine the treatment effect and mechanism of multimodal therapies in a rat model of SCI-induced NP by combining treatment with the anti-inflammatory agent minocycline (MC) and botulinum toxin (BoNT). The combined utilization alleviated SCI-induced NP and reduced apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress of SCI by activating SIRT1 and dampening pAKT, P53, and p-NF-KB.

Resistance-Nodulation-Division Efflux Pump, LexABC, Contributes to Self-Resistance of the Phenazine Di--Oxide Natural Product Myxin in .

Antibiotic-producing microorganisms have developed several self-resistance mechanisms to protect them from autotoxicity. Transporters belonging to the resistance- nodulation-division (RND) superfamily commonly confer multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Phenazines are heterocyclic, nitrogen-containing and redox-active compounds that exhibit diverse activities.

Improving recovery after microvascular decompression surgery for hemifacial spasm: experience from 530 cases with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm with an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol.

Methods: 984 hemifacial spasm patients who underwent MVD from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017 were analyzed. They were divided into the conventional treatment group (control;  = 453) and the later ERAS group ( = 531).

Shikonin promotes ubiquitination and degradation of cIAP1/2-mediated apoptosis and necrosis in triple negative breast cancer cells.

Background: Shikonin (SKO) is a natural naphthoquinone derived from Chinese herbal medicine Arnebiae Radix with high development potentials due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Overwhelming evidences have indicated that SKO can induce both necrosis and apoptosis in cancer cells, while the mechanisms for triple negative breast cancer cells is still need to be disclosed.

Methods: In this study, kinds of molecular biological technologies, including flow-cytometry, Western blot, immunoprecipitation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), were applied for investigation on the underlying mechanisms of SKO induced necrosis and apoptosis for MDA-MB-231 cells.

Mitochondria-specific delivery system for targeted regulation of mitochondrial gene expression.

Targeted regulation of mitochondrial gene expression is challenging due to the lack of a mitochondria-specific delivery system. We have previously developed various stimuli-responsive nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery systems to transport nucleic acids for regulation of target gene expression. This protocol describes the design and preparation of an NP platform for mitochondria-specific gene delivery (mito-NP).

Long-Term Retrospective Analysis of Microvascular Decompression in Patients With Recurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia.

To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with recurrent trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and the experience of microvascular decompression (MVD) in the treatment of such patients. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data, imaging examination results, surgical methods, and treatment efficacies in 127 patients with recurrent typical TN from January 2005 to December 2014. The age of the recurrent group was higher than that of the non-recurrent group ( < 0.

A novel mycovirus infecting Aspergillus nidulans that is closely related to viruses in a new genus of the family Partitiviridae.

The bisegmented genome of a novel double-stranded (ds) RNA mycovirus, named "Aspergillus nidulans partitivirus 1" (AnPV1), isolated from the fungus Aspergillus nidulans strain HJ5-47, was sequenced and analyzed. AnPV1 contains two segments, AnPV1-1 and AnPV1-2. AnPV1-1 has 1837 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) that potentially encodes a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 572 amino acids (aa).

The targeted inhibition of prostate cancer by iron-based nanoparticles based on bioinformatics.

Prostate cancer is an epithelial malignant tumor of the prostate, and it is one of the malignant tumors with a high incidence of urogenital system in men. The local treatment of prostate cancer is mainly radical resection and radical radiotherapy, but they are not applicable to advanced prostate cancer. Systemic therapy mainly includes targeted therapy and immunotherapy which could cause many complications, and will affect the prognosis and quality of life of patients.

Small Posterior Cranial Fossa and Cerebellopontine Cistern Volumes Are Associated With Bilateral Trigeminal Neuralgia.

To investigate whether small volumes of the posterior cranial fossa and cerebellopontine cisterns are associated with bilateral trigeminal neuralgia (BTN) and to provide further knowledge regarding the etiology and treatment of this rare disease. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data and imaging examination results for 30 BTN patients between January 2009 and December 2019. Thirty age- and sex-matched healthy individuals and 30 patients with unilateral trigeminal neuralgia (UTN) were selected as two control groups.

Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Reveals Mechanisms of Patulin-Induced Cell Toxicity in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells.

Patulin (PAT) is a natural mycotoxin that commonly contaminates fruits and fruit-based products. Previous work indicated that PAT-induced apoptosis in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. To uncover novel aspects of the possible mechanism of PAT nephrotoxicity, the transcriptome and proteome profiles were investigated using the digital gene expression (DGE) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomic approaches.

Corrigendum: An FGFR/AKT/SOX2 Signaling Axis Controls Pancreatic Cancer Stemness.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.

Research and progress on biomarkers of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system based on the involvement of the optic nerve and/or spinal cord. The disease is characterized by high recurrence and disability. NMOSD is mainly diagnosed by AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG.

Sustained Release of Magnesium Ions Mediated by a Dynamic Mechanical Hydrogel to Enhance BMSC Proliferation and Differentiation.

Hydrogel scaffolds are promising and widely applicable platforms for various therapeutic agents to facilitate bone tissue regeneration due to their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Nevertheless, the improvement of local administration efficiency and on-demand release of drugs from a hydrogel system is still an obstacle. In this work, we reported that a novel injectable hydrogel system was fabricated based on coordination of multiarm thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG-SH) and magnesium ions for bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) proliferation and differentiation.

Arctigenin Inhibits Glioblastoma Proliferation through the AKT/mTOR Pathway and Induces Autophagy.

Purpose: Arctigenin (ARG) is a natural lignan compound extracted from Arctium lappa and has displayed anticancer function and therapeutic effect in a variety of cancers. Arctigenin is mainly from Arctium lappa extract. It has been shown to induce autophagy in various cancers.

Targeting Mitochondria-Located circRNA SCAR Alleviates NASH via Reducing mROS Output.

Mitochondria, which play central roles in immunometabolic diseases, have their own genome. However, the functions of mitochondria-located noncoding RNAs are largely unknown due to the absence of a specific delivery system. By circular RNA (circRNA) expression profile analysis of liver fibroblasts from patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), we observe that mitochondrial circRNAs account for a considerable fraction of downregulated circRNAs in NASH fibroblasts.

Prolonging the Half-Life of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Belinostat via 50 nm Scale Liposomal Subcutaneous Delivery System for Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma.

Lymph node metastasis is an aggressive condition characterized by poor treatment outcomes and low overall survival. Belinostat is a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of relapsed peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). However, the major problem is that belinostat has a short half-life of 1.

Fine particulate matter exposure induces DNA damage by downregulating Rad51 expression in human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells in vitro.

Although an accumulating body of evidence suggests that fine particulate matter (PM) can cause lung injury and lung cancer, the underlying mechanisms are not yet clear. In this study, multiple endpoints associated with the cellular response to PM exposure, including the cell proliferation rate, cell apoptosis, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and DNA damage, were evaluated in human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells. The mRNA expression profile in PM-treated cells was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing.

Grey matter changes in Meige syndrome: a voxel-based morphology analysis.

To investigate the changes and clinical significance of brain structural abnormalities in patients with Meige syndrome and related depressive symptoms. We retrospectively analysed clinical data, imaging examinations, and Hamilton Depression Rating scale scores in 46 patients with Meige syndrome from January 2017 to January 2019. We compared the Meige syndrome group with the healthy control group, and the definite depression group with the non-definite depression group.

PLCɛ maintains the functionality of AR signaling in prostate cancer via an autophagy-dependent mechanism.

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a major driver of prostate cancer (CaP). Although most therapies targeting AR are initially effective in CaP patients, drug resistance is inevitable, mainly because of the inappropriate re-activation of AR pathway. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.

UCHL1 from serum and CSF is a candidate biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Objective: To identify potential ALS biomarkers in patients and to evaluate their diagnostic performance using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum.

Method: We recruited a discovery cohort, comprising 20 ALS patients and 20 controls to screen for potential CSF biomarker, UCHL1, using a Luminex neurodegenerative disease panel. To validate UCHL1's diagnostic performance, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to determine the potential for early diagnosis in another cohort comprising 23 CSF and 69 serum ALS samples.

Phospholipase Cε Regulates Prostate Cancer Lipid Metabolism and Proliferation by Targeting AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1 (SREBP-1) Signaling Pathway.

BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is a common characteristic of numerous kinds of tumors, including prostate cancer (PCa). Tumor metabolism such as lipid metabolism provides sufficient lipids for tumor cell division and rapid growing as well as a vital source for formation of new cellular membranes. Phospholipase Cε (PLCε) is an oncogene that can drive proliferation, progression, and lipid metabolism of tumors, but its effect in lipid metabolism of PCa is not clear.

Renal cancer-derived exosomes induce tumor immune tolerance by MDSCs-mediated antigen-specific immunosuppression.

Backgound: Although Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have a prominent ability to suppress the immune responses of T lymphocytes and propel tumor immune escape, a lack of profound systemic immunesuppression in tumor-bearing mice and tumor patients. The underlying mechanism of these remains unclear.

Methods: For this purpose, renal cancer-derived exosomes (RDEs) were first labeled with PKH67 and been observed the internalization by MDSCs.

An FGFR/AKT/SOX2 Signaling Axis Controls Pancreatic Cancer Stemness.

Cancer stemness is associated with high malignancy and low differentiation, as well as therapeutic resistance of tumors including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) exert pleiotropic effects on a variety of cellular processes and functions including embryonic stem cell pluripotency and cancer cell stemness via the activation of four tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs). FGF ligands have been a major component of the cocktail of growth factors contained in the cancer stemness-inducing (CSI) and organoid culture medium.