Chitooligosaccharides improves intestinal mucosal immunity and intestinal microbiota in blue foxes.

Objective: Gut health is critical to the health of the host. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Chitooligosaccharides (COS) on intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier, intestinal immunity and cecum microbiota of blue foxes.

Methods: Seventy-two 125-day-old blue foxes were randomly divided into basal diet (BD) group, 200 ppm COS1 (1.

Dual-Template Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Environmental Water Samples.

In this study, we designed a molecularly imprinted polymers-dispersive solid-phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography (MIPs-DSPE-HPLC) method, as a simple and efficient platform for the sensitive detection of two sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) of sulfamethoxine (SMM) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in environmental water samples. Using SMM and SMZ as templates, methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinking agent, and azodiisobutyronitrile as the catalyst, the dual-template molecularly imprinted polymers (dt-MIPs) were successfully synthesized via surface imprinting technology and multi-template imprinting strategy. The adsorption properties of the prepared MIPs were characterized, and the adsorption capacities of MIPs towards SMZ and SMM were 27.

Using natural starch granules to disperse solid beeswax into micron-sized droplets in emulsion.

Use of beeswax together with starch to manufacture emulsion for fruit preservation has attracted wide attention in food packaging. In this paper, esterified starch (M-PS) granules prepared from natural potato starch were used to replace nanocrystals to prepare beeswax emulsion. The swelling property of M-PS granules was used to solve the problem of uneven dispersion of beeswax.

Long-Term Protective Immunity against Infection Induced by a Genetically Modified Live Vaccine.

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis, an emerging tick-borne disease, is caused by . Infections with the pathogen are also common in the canine host. Our previous studies demonstrated that functional disruption within the phage head-to-tail connector protein gene results in bacterial attenuation, creating a modified live attenuated vaccine (MLAV).

Genetically modified live vaccine offers protective immunity against wild-type Anaplasma marginale tick-transmission challenge.

Anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne pathogen of cattle that causes bovine anaplasmosis in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. Killed vaccines derived from infected erythrocytes have been used for control of this disease with limited success. Recently, we described a targeted deletion mutation in the phage head-to-tail connector protein gene of A.

Molecularly imprinted polymers and porous organic frameworks based analytical methods for disinfection by-products in water and wastewater.

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) with heritage toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity are one kind of important new pollutants, and their detection and removal in water and wastewater has become a common challenge facing mankind. Advanced functional materials with ideal selectivity, adsorption capacity and regeneration capacity provide hope for the determination of DBPs with low concentration levels and inherent molecular structural similarity. Among them, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are favored, owing to their predictable structure, specific recognition and wide applicability.

Erratum: β-elemene promotes the senescence of glioma cells through regulating YAP-CDK6 signaling.

[This corrects the article on p. 370 in vol. 11, PMID: 33575077.

Analysis of instability of starch-based Pickering emulsion under acidic condition of pH < 4 and improvement of emulsion stability.

Starch-based Pickering emulsions exhibit high interfacial stability in a certain range of mild pH environments. On the contrary, many studies have reported that when the pH value is <4, it often leads to different degrees of emulsion instability. In this paper, the microscopic state of starch granules in the emulsion and its effect on the stability of the emulsion were observed and analyzed by atomic force microscope (AFM) in tapping mode.

Preparation of lauric acid esterified starch by ethanol solvothermal process and its Pickering emulsion.

In this paper, the esterification modification of different kinds of starches such as waxy maize, normal maize, high-amylose maize, cassava and potato in high temperature closed system were studied by solvothermal method. The oil-in-water Pickering emulsion were prepared with esterified starches as granule stabilizer. The microscopic state of granules in the emulsion and the physical and oxidation stability of emulsion were studied.

Multiple genes critical for persistent infection in a vertebrate host are identified as nonessential for its growth in the tick vector; .

is a tick-transmitted monocytic ehrlichiosis agent primarily causing the disease in people and dogs. We recently described the development and characterization of 55 random mutations in , which aided in defining the critical nature of many bacterial genes for its growth in a physiologically relevant canine infection model. In the current study, we tested 45 of the mutants for their infectivity ability to the pathogen's tick vector; .

A combination of genetically engineered oncolytic virus and melittin-CpG for cancer viro-chemo-immunotherapy.

Background: Immunotherapy has emerged as an efficient therapeutic approach for cancer management. However, stimulation of host immune system against cancer cells often fails to achieve promising clinical outcomes mainly owing to the immunosuppressive characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Combination therapeutics that can trigger sustained immunogenic cell death (ICD) have provided new opportunities for cancer treatment.

SARM1 promotes the neuroinflammation and demyelination through IGFBP2/NF-κB pathway in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice.

Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease, and its typical characteristics are neuroinflammation and the demyelination of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) is an essential factor mediating axonal degeneration and SARM1 deletion reduces the neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury. This study aimed to explore the roles of SARM1 and its underlying mechanisms in MS.

Recent Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Antibiotic Analysis.

The abuse and residues of antibiotics have a great impact on the environment and organisms, and their determination has become very important. Due to their low contents, varieties and complex matrices, effective recognition, separation and enrichment are usually required prior to determination. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), a kind of highly selective polymer prepared via molecular imprinting technology (MIT), are used widely in the analytical detection of antibiotics, as adsorbents of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and as recognition elements of sensors.

Applications of Molecular Imprinting Technology in the Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the most internationally competitive industries. In the context of TCM modernization and internationalization, TCM-related research studies have entered a fast track of development. At the same time, research of TCM is also faced with challenges, such as matrix complexity, component diversity and low level of active components.

Changes in mental health levels among Chinese physical education college students from 1995 to 2019.

To explore the changes in the mental health levels of Chinese physical education college students, the present study conducted a cross-temporal meta-analysis of 43 papers that adopted the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) from 1995 to 2019. The results showed that the average scores of the seven SCL-90 factors were negatively correlated with the year of data collection. The socioeconomic indicators (GDP, per capita GDP and household consumption level) were significantly negatively correlated with the eight dimension scores of the SCL-90 (except for phobic anxiety).

Evaluating EcxR for Its Possible Role in Gene Regulation.

, a tick-transmitted intraphagosomal bacterium, is the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. The pathogen also infects several other vertebrate hosts. has a biphasic developmental cycle during its growth in vertebrate monocytes/macrophages and invertebrate tick cells.

Enhanced genomic stability of new miRNA-regulated oncolytic coxsackievirus B3.

Genetic modification of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) by inserting target sequences (TS) of tumor-suppressive and/or organ-selective microRNAs (miRs) into viral genome can efficiently eliminate viral pathogenesis without significant impacts on its oncolytic activity. Nonetheless, reversion mutants (loss of miR-TS inserts) were identified as early as day 35 post-injection in ∼40% immunodeficient mice. To improve the stability, here we re-engineered CVB3 by (1) replacing the same length of viral genome at the non-coding region with TS of cardiac-selective miR-1/miR-133 and pancreas-enriched miR-216/miR-375 or (2) inserting the above miR-TS into the coding region (i.

Astrocytic SARM1 promotes neuroinflammation and axonal demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through inhibiting GDNF signaling.

Astrocytes are important components of the innate immune response in the central nervous system (CNS), involving in the inflammatory and neurotoxic responses that occur in CNS diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies have shown that SARM1 plays a critical role in axonal degeneration and inflammation. However, the detailed role of astrocytic SARM1 in MS remains unclear.

SARM1 deletion in parvalbumin neurons is associated with autism-like behaviors in mice.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a group of neurodevelopmental disorder diseases, is characterized by social deficits, communication difficulties, and repetitive behaviors. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 protein (SARM1) is known as an autism-associated protein and is enriched in brain tissue. Moreover, SARM1 knockdown mice exhibit autism-like behaviors.

The First High-quality Reference Genome of Sika Deer Provides Insights into High-tannin Adaptation.

Sika deer are known to prefer oak leaves, which are rich in tannins and toxic to most mammals; however, the genetic mechanisms underlying their unique ability to adapt to living in the jungle are still unclear. In identifying the mechanism responsible for the tolerance of a highly toxic diet, we have made a major advancement by explaining the genome of sika deer. We generated the first high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of sika deer and measured the correlation between tannin intake and RNA expression in 15 tissues through 180 experiments.

cGAS and DDX41-STING mediated intrinsic immunity spreads intercellularly to promote neuroinflammation in SOD1 ALS model.

Neuroinflammation exacerbates the progression of SOD1-driven amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that misfolded SOD1 (SOD1)-causing ALS results in mitochondrial damage, thus triggering the release of mtDNA and an RNA:DNA hybrid into the cytosol in an mPTP-independent manner to activate IRF3- and IFNAR-dependent type I interferon (IFN-I) and interferon-stimulating genes. The neuronal hyper-IFN-I and pro-inflammatory responses triggered in ALS-SOD1 were sufficiently robust to cause a strong physiological outcome and .

Targeted mutagenesis in Anaplasma marginale to define virulence and vaccine development against bovine anaplasmosis.

Tick-borne Anaplasma species are obligate, intracellular, bacterial pathogens that cause important diseases globally in people, agricultural animals, and dogs. Targeted mutagenesis methods are yet to be developed to define genes essential for these pathogens. In addition, vaccines conferring protection against diseases caused by Anaplasma species are not available.