Cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits ferroptosis in renal tubular cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury via the AMPK pathway.

Background: Ferroptosis, which is characterized by lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation, is closely associated with the pathogenesis of acute renal injury (AKI). Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a typical flavonoid that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on ischemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury, can induce AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. This study aimed to show that C3G exerts nephroprotective effects against I/R-AKI related ferroptosis by regulating the AMPK pathway.

Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase Protects against Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Ameliorating Renal Hypoxia.

Xanthine oxidase (XO) utilizes molecular oxygen as a substrate to convert purine substrates into uric acid, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, which is one of the main enzyme pathways to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) during septic inflammation and oxidative stress. However, it is not clear whether XO inhibition can improve sepsis-induced renal hypoxia in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SI-AKI) mice. In this study, pretreatment with febuxostat, an XO-specific inhibitor, or kidney knockdown of XO by shRNA in vivo significantly improved the prognosis of SI-AKI, not only by reducing the levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, tumor necrosis factor-, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 in peripheral blood but also by improving histological damage and apoptosis, reducing the production of ROS, and infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages in the kidney.

Polydatin Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis.

Cisplatin is widely used in the treatment of solid tumors, but its application is greatly limited due to its nephrotoxicity; thus, there is still no effective medicine for the treatment of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (Cis-AKI). We previously identified that polydatin (PD) exerts nephroprotective effects by antioxidative stress in AKI models. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress-induced molecular events overlap with the process of ferroptosis and that there are common molecular targets, such as glutathione (GSH) depletion and lipid peroxidation.

Effects of landfill refuse on the reductive dechlorination of pentachlorophenol and speciation transformation of heavy metals.

Landfill refuse is a mixture of inorganic minerals and organic matter that is capable of undergoing complexation and redox reactions due to its active functional groups. Organic matter often combines with minerals in landfill refuse and it remains unclear whether this combination involves electron transfer. Therefore, the effects of landfill refuse composition on reductive dechlorination and speciation transformation of heavy metals were investigated in this study.

A fusion protein composed of the DSL domain of Dll1 and RGD motif protects cryptic stem cells in irradiation injury.

Intestine is vulnerable to irradiation injury, which induces cell death and compromises regeneration of intestinal crypts. It is well accepted that cryptic stem cells, which are responsible for cryptic regeneration under physiological and pathological conditions, are controlled by multiple cell-intrinsic and environmental signals such as Notch signaling. Therefore, in the present study, we tested whether a soluble Notch ligand tethered to endothelial cells-mD1R-the Delta-Serrate-Lag2 (DSL) domain of mouse Notch ligand Delta-like1 fused with a RGD motif could protect cryptic cells from irradiation-induced intestinal injury.

Polydatin ameliorates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by decreasing apoptosis and oxidative stress through activating sonic hedgehog signaling pathway.

Polydatin, a glucoside of resveratrol, recently has been demonstrated possibly to exert its biological effects by targeting sonic hedgehog (Shh). However, whether Shh signaling pathway is involved in the therapeutic effects of polydatin for renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has not been evaluated. Our results showed that I/R induced the secretion of Shh, upregulated Patched and Smoothened, and enhanced the nuclear translocation and target gene transcription of Glioblastoma 1 in renal I/R injury models, which were further upregulated after the administration of polydatin significantly and in turn exerted prominent nephroprotective effects against cell apoptosis and oxidative stress.

Nephroprotective Effects of Polydatin against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: A Role for the PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. It has been demonstrated that polydatin processed the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and nephroprotective properties. However, whether it has beneficial effects and the possible mechanisms on renal I/R injury remain unclear.

The differentiation of human multipotent adult progenitor cells into hepatocyte-like cells induced by coculture with human hepatocyte line L02.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish an in vitro method to purify human multipotent adult progenitor cells (hMAPCs) and assess their possible differentiation into hepatocytes by coculture with human hepatocyte line L02.

Methods: hMAPCs were isolated by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) depletion selection using CD45 and GlyA microbeads. After indirect or direct coculture of hMAPCs and human hepatocyte line L02, the expression of albumin (ALB), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), cytokeratin (CK) 18, and CK19 by hMAPCs was detected by immunocytochemistry.

The effects of ABCG2 on the viability, proliferation and paracrine actions of kidney side population cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation.

Bcrp1/ABCG2 is exclusively expressed in side population (SP) cells, however, it has not been fully elucidated whether it has an impact on the viability, proliferation and paracrine actions in kidney SP cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reoxygenation. In this study, we found that 2-h OGD did not injure SP cells (sub-lethal OGD) but induced SP cells proliferation 48 and 72 h after reoxygenation; whereas 4-h OGD markedly injured the cells (lethal OGD) and led to apoptosis 24-72 h after reoxygenation. Fumitremorgin C, an inhibitor of ABCG2, attenuated both the proliferation and viability of SP cells.

Treatment of cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation: experience from a single center in China.

Background: We compared the efficacy and safety of 2 different treatments of CMV infection, including asymptomatic CMV replication and CMV disease.

Material And Methods: 852 renal transplantation recipients, including asymptomatic CMV replication and CMV disease, received antiviral therapies of intravenous acyclovir or comprehensive anti-infection solution, mainly with intravenous ganciclovir. Effect, time, acute allograft rejection, and safety were analyzed during the antiviral therapy

Results: The total effective rates were higher with ganciclovir in both asymptomatic CMV replication (98.

Interpretation of interlocking key issues of cancer stem cells in malignant solid tumors.

Objective: In this review, several interlinking issues related to cancer stem cells (CSCs) in malignant solid tumors are sequentially discussed.

Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane library, combining the words CSCs, solid tumor, isolation, identification, origination, therapy, target and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Results: Because a primary problem is the isolation of CSCs, we first analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of recently used methods, which were mostly based on the physical or immunochemical characteristics of CSCs.

Several important in vitro improvements in the amplification, differentiation and tracing of fetal liver stem/progenitor cells.

Objective: We previously isolated fetal liver stem/progenitor cells (FLSPCs), but there is an urgent need to properly amplify FLSPCs, effectively induce FLSPCs differentiation, and steadily trace FLSPCs for in vivo therapeutic investigation.

Methods: FLSPCs were maintained in vitro as adherent culture or soft agar culture for large-scale amplification. To direct the differentiation of FLSPCs into hepatocytes, FLSPCs were randomly divided into four groups: control, 1% DMSO-treated, 20 ng/ml HGF-treated and 1% DMSO+20 ng/ml HGF-treated.

ABCG2 protects kidney side population cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through activation of the MEK/ERK pathway.

Breast cancer resistance protein 1 (BCRP1/ABCG2) is used to identify the side population (SP) within a population of cells, which is enriched for stem and progenitor cells in different tissues. Here, we investigated the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 in the signaling mechanisms underlying ischemic/hypoxic conditions in kidney SP cells. Kidney SP cells were isolated using Hoechst 33342 dye-mediated fluorescein-activated cell sorting and then incubated under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) with or without verapamil, a selective BCRP1/ABCG2 inhibitor.

Neuroprotective effects of curculigoside against NMDA-induced neuronal excitoxicity in vitro.

Glutamate is an important excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Excessive accumulation of glutamate can cause excitotoxicity, which plays a key role in spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. Curculigoside (CCGS) is a major bioactive compound isolated from the rhizome of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.

Simultaneous blockade of the CD40/CD40L and NF-κB pathways prolonged islet allograft survival.

Activation of NF-κB pathway and co-stimulatory system CD40/CD40L promotes the inflammation, which plays a key role in the failure of islet graft. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if simultaneous blockade of CD40/CD40L and IκB/NF-κB pathways could protect islet graft. Streptozocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats were transplanted intraportally with 2000 IEQ islets isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats.

Evaluation of the effects of pulse high-volume hemofiltration in patients with severe sepsis: a preliminary study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pulse high-volume hemofiltration (PHVHF) in patients with severe sepsis.

Methods: Twenty-two patients with severe sepsis admitted to XiJing hospital between January 2009 and January 2010 were included in the present study. Patients were randomly divided into the control group (conventional treatment) and the PHVHF group.

The impacts of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration on plasma cytokines and monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR expression in septic patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) on plasma cytokines and monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression and to evaluate the relationship between them during CVVH treatment in septic patients. Forty septic patients were enrolled in this study. They were randomly divided into control group (who received conventional treatment, n=20) and CVVH group (who received conventional treatment and CVVH treatment, n=20).