Enhancing self-directed learning with custom GPT AI facilitation among medical students: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of LearnGuide, a specialized ChatGPT tool designed to support self-directed learning among medical students.

Materials And Methods: In this 14-week randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06276049), 103 medical students were assigned to either an intervention group, which received 12 weeks of problem-based training with LearnGuide support, or a control group, which received identical training without AI assistance.

Comprehensive evaluation of disulfidptosis in intestinal immunity and biologic therapy response in Ulcerative Colitis.

Objective: Ulcerative Colitis (UC) manifests as a chronic inflammatory condition of the intestines, marked by ongoing immune system dysregulation. Disulfidptosis, a newly identified cell death mechanism, is intimately linked to the onset and advancement of inflammation. However, the role of disulfidptosis in UC remains unclear.

Surgical management of duodenal Crohn's disease.

Background: The case of Crohn's disease involving the duodenum is rare, and its surgical management requires a thorough understanding.

Aim: To investigate the surgical management of duodenal Crohn's disease.

Methods: We systematically reviewed patients diagnosed with duodenal Crohn's disease who underwent surgery in the Department of Geriatrics Surgery of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 1, 2004, to August 31, 2022.

Quantitative analysis of adipose tissue for predicting Crohn's disease postoperative endoscopic recurrence and anastomotic ulcer.

Objective: Inflammation and ulcers at the anastomotic site are frequently observed after intestinal resection surgery for Crohn's disease (CD), which often signify postoperative recurrence. Crohn's disease causes abnormalities in whole-body fat metabolism, and alterations in subcutaneous and visceral fat are potential indicators of disease development. This study aimed to quantify the areas of subcutaneous (SFA) and visceral fat (VFA) and investigate the relationship between fat tissue and endoscopic recurrence and anastomotic ulceration after Crohn's disease surgery.

Ginsenoside Rg3 Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Regulating Microbial Homeostasis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurrent inflammatory disease without a specific cure or treatment for improvement. Here, we investigated the potential therapeutic effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 (Gin Rg3) on UC. We constructed an in vitro cellular inflammatory model and a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mouse model.

Surgical strategies for intestinal Crohns disease.

Objectives: As a type of inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by jumping lesions and transmural inflammation. The treatment goal is to control the development of inflammation with drugs such as 5-Amino Salicylic Acid, azathioprine and hormones, but most patients still need surgical treatment eventually. The surgical treatment of CD requires exquisite surgical design and solid surgical procedures to minimize the progression of intestinal lesions and preserve the normal bowel segment as much as possible.

Long non-coding RNA SNHG1/microRNA-195-5p/Yes-associated protein axis affects the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer via the Hippo signaling pathway.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) has been found to be highly expressed in gastric cancer (GC). However, the study for exploring the effects of SNHG1 and microRNA (miR)-195-5p on GC is limited. This research commits to unravel the regulatory effects of SNHG1, miRNA-195-5p, and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) on GC.

PPARGC1A affects inflammatory responses in photodynamic therapy (PDT)-treated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Background: Chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract is a feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Targeting inflammatory signaling represents promising strategy for IBD treatment regimens.

Methods: Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model was established in mice.

Characteristics of mesenteric adipose tissue attached to different intestinal segments and their roles in immune regulation.

Mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) plays a critical role in the intestinal physiological ecosystems. Small and large intestines have evidently intrinsic and distinct characteristics. However, whether there exist any mesenteric differences adjacent to the small and large intestines (SMAT and LMAT) has not been properly characterized.

Exosomal MicroRNA-181a Derived From Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Gut Microbiota Composition, Barrier Function, and Inflammatory Status in an Experimental Colitis Model.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (Exos) are recently proved to be a promising candidate for ulcerative colitis (UC), but the mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the effects of MSC-derived exosomal microRNA-181a (miR-181a) on gut microbiota, immune responses, and intestinal barrier function in UC. Human bone marrow MSC-derived Exos were extracted and identified transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), and Western blotting.

NEK7: a potential therapy target for NLRP3-related diseases.

NLRP3 inflammasome plays an essential role in innate immunity, yet the activation mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome is not clear. In human or animal models, inappropriate NLRP3 inflammasome activation is implicated in many NLRP3-related diseases, such as tumors, inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases. Until now, a great number of inhibitors have been used to disturb the related signaling pathways, such as IL-1β blockade, IL-18 blockade and caspase-1 inhibitors.

Molecular Classification of Gastric Adenocarcinoma.

As one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, gastric cancer (GC) has gained more and more attention. Although most GCs are adenocarcinomas, they have considerable heterogeneity among patients. Thus, appropriate classification and individualized treatment of GCs is essential.

NEK7 interacts with NLRP3 to modulate the pyroptosis in inflammatory bowel disease via NF-κB signaling.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the most common diseases in the gastrointestinal tract related to aberrant inflammation. Pyroptosis, which is characterized by inflammasome formation, the activation of caspase-1, and the separation of the N- and C-terminals of GSDMD, might be related to IBD pathogenesis. NEK7 is an important component of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages.

Postoperative excessive gain in visceral adipose tissue as well as body mass index are associated with adverse outcomes of an ileal pouch.

Background: There are no published studies on the impact of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) change on outcomes of restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). The aim of this historic cohort study was to evaluate the impact of excessive VAT gain on the outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with IPAA.

Methods: We evaluated all eligible patients with at least two sequential CT scans after pouch construction from our prospectively maintained Pouchitis Registry between 2002 and 2014.

Perioperative Blood Transfusion and Postoperative Outcome in Patients with Crohn's Disease Undergoing Primary Ileocolonic Resection in the "Biological Era".

Background: Perioperative blood transfusion has been shown to be associated with inflammatory response and immunosuppression. Patients receiving blood transfusion may have an increased risk for developing postoperative morbidities. The impact of blood transfusion on the postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD) has been controversial.

Presence of Granulomas in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Is Associated with Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn's Disease.

Background: The association between the presence of granulomas in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and postoperative recurrent Crohn's disease (CD) is unknown. Our aim was to assess the predictive value of the presence of granulomas in MLN as well as in bowel wall for postoperative recurrence of CD.

Methods: Patients with CD who underwent the index ileocolonic resection between 2004 and 2012 were included.

Clinical Implications of Noncaseating Granulomas on Histology in Patients with Ileal Pouches.

Background: Granulomas are occasionally detected on biopsy specimen of the ileal pouch and their clinical implications are not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical implications of noncaseating granuloma on histology in patients with ileal pouches.

Methods: All eligible patients with confirmed noncaseating granulomas on histology of the biopsy specimens of the pouch body, afferent limb, or cuff in our prospectively maintained Pouch Registry between 2002 and 2014 were evaluated.

Overexpression of p53 predicts colorectal neoplasia risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and mucosa changes indefinite for dysplasia.

Background And Aims: We previously demonstrated a significant colorectal neoplasia risk in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with mucosal changes indefinite for dysplasia (IND) and the potential diagnostic utility of p53 and cytokeratin 7 immunohistochemistry in IBD-associated neoplasia. The primary aim of this exploratory study was to determine the predictive value of the two markers for neoplasia risk in the IBD-IND population.

Methods: We identified 44 eligible cases with IBD and IND in colon biopsy from our pathology database.

Histomorphological features and prognosis of colitis-associated colorectal cancer in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Background: Histomorphology of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) remains to be systemically characterized and prognosis in these patient needs to be further defined.

Aim: To examine the impact of PSC on histomorphology and to assess prognosis of CAC-PSC patients.

Methods: A cohort of CAC patients were identified from the Pathology Database (1994-2010) at Cleveland Clinic; histomorphological features and other relevant data were collected by retrospective review of pathology slides and medical records.

The expression of p66Shc protein in benign, premalignant, and malignant gastrointestinal lesions.

ROS produced from Oxidative stress have long been recognized to be involved in carcinogenesis. p66Shc generates H(2)O(2) by oxidizing cytochrome c, and its expression has been reported to be elevated in several tumors. However, the expression of p66Shc in gastric cancer has not been reported, and its role in colorectal cancer has not been well elucidated.

Knockdown of p62/sequestosome 1 attenuates autophagy and inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth.

p62/sequestosome-1 is a multifunctional adapter protein implicated in selective autophagy, cell signaling pathways, and tumorigenesis, and plays an important role at the crossroad between autophagy and cancer. But, the connection between autophagy and cancer is complex and in some cases contradictory. Human colorectal cancer tissues from patients were analyzed for expression of p62 and Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3, an autophagosome marker) using immunostaining, western blotting, real-time PCR, and confocal microscopy.