Dietary intake of isoflavones and coumestrol and risk of pancreatic cancer in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial.

Background: Although phytoestrogens modulated pancreatic tumour growth in experimental studies, it remains unclear whether phytoestrogen intake is associated with pancreatic cancer.

Methods: Of 92,278 persons who completed the Diet History Questionnaire in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, 346 were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer within a median follow-up of 9.4 years.

Nuclear translocation of plasma membrane protein ADCY7 potentiates T cell-mediated antitumour immunity in HCC.

Background: The potency of T cell-mediated responses is a determinant of immunotherapy effectiveness in treating malignancies; however, the clinical efficacy of T-cell therapies has been limited in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) owing to the extensive immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Objective: Here, we aimed to investigate the key genes contributing to immune escape in HCC and raise a new therapeutic strategy for remoulding the HCC microenvironment.

Design: The genome-wide in vivo clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) screen library was conducted to identify the key genes associated with immune tolerance.

Associations Between Intakes of Carotenoids and Tocopherols with Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in a Population-Based Case-Control Study.

Objective: Experimental studies suggest that carotenoids and tocopherols modulate pancreatic carcinogenesis because they have antioxidant and other functions. We investigated the associations between intakes of these compounds and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a case-control study conducted in 1994-1998.

Methods: The present analysis included 150 cases of pancreatic cancer recruited from all hospitals in the metropolitan area of the Twin Cities and Mayo Clinic and 459 controls randomly selected from the general population and frequency matched to cases by age, sex, and race.

Diagnosis Value of the Blood Urea Nitrogen-to-Creatinine Ratio in Determining the Need for Intervention of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Introduction: The blood urea nitrogen (BUN)-to-creatinine (Cr) ratio (BUN/Cr ratio) may be used to evaluate the need for intervention of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB). This study aimed to explore the predictive value of the BUN/Cr ratio in the need for intervention of AUGIB.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients with AUGIB in the hospital's emergency department between August 2019 and May 2023.

Structural Insights and Influence of Terahertz Waves in Midinfrared Region on Kv1.2 Channel Selectivity Filter.

Potassium ion channels are the structural basis for excitation transmission, heartbeat, and other biological processes. The selectivity filter is a critical structural component of potassium ion channels, whose structure is crucial to realizing their function. As biomolecules vibrate and rotate at frequencies in the terahertz band, potassium ion channels are sensitive to terahertz waves.

Effect of THz Waves of Different Orientations on K Permeation Efficiency in the KcsA Channel.

Potassium (K) channels show the highest variability and most frequent alterations in expression in many tumor types, and modulation of K channels may represent a new window for cancer therapy. In previous work, we found that a terahertz (THz) field incident along the -axis with a frequency of 51.87 THz increased the ion flux through K channels.

The role of PKC in X-ray-induced megakaryocyte apoptosis and thrombocytopenia.

Thrombocytopenia is a critical complication after radiation therapy and exposure. Dysfunction of megakaryocyte development and platelet production are key pathophysiological stages in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced thrombocytopenia. Protein kinase C (PKC) plays an important role in regulating megakaryocyte development and platelet production.

Suppression of Secondary Electron Emission from Nickel Surface by Graphene Composites Based on First-Principles Method.

Secondary electron emission (SEE) is a fundamental phenomenon of particle/surface interaction, and the multipactor effect induced by SEE can result in disastrous impacts on the performance of microwave devices. To suppress the SEE-induced multipactor, an Ni (111) surface covered with a monolayer of graphene was proposed and studied theoretically via the density functional theory (DFT) method. The calculation results indicated that redistribution of the electron density at the graphene/Ni (111) interface led to variations in the work function and the probability of SEE.

X-rays Stimulate Granular Secretions and Activate Protein Kinase C Signaling in Human Platelets.

X-rays can induce morphological as well as functional changes in cells. Platelets are anuclear cellular fragments originating from megakaryocytes and are the major regulators in hemostasis and thrombosis. Platelet products are irradiated to avoid medical complications associated with platelet transfusion.

Cyclic thrombocytopenia associated with estradiol: a case report.

Objectives: Cyclic thrombocytopenia (CTP) is a rare blood disorder characterized by periodic fluctuations in platelet counts. CTP usually appears in pre-menopausal women, and these fluctuations of platelets are in phase with the menstrual cycle. CTP is a heterogeneous disease, and the pathogenic mechanism is still unclear.

Permeability enhancement of Kv1.2 potassium channel by a terahertz electromagnetic field.

As biomolecules vibrate and rotate in the terahertz band, the biological effects of terahertz electromagnetic fields have drawn considerable attention from the physiological and medical communities. Ion channels are the basis of biological electrical signals, so studying the effect of terahertz electromagnetic fields on ion channels is significant. In this paper, the effect of a terahertz electromagnetic field with three different frequencies, 6, 15, and 25 THz, on the Kv1.

Effect of Terahertz Electromagnetic Field on the Permeability of Potassium Channel Kv1.2.

In this paper, the influence of external terahertz electromagnetic fields with different frequencies of 4 THz, 10 THz, 15 THz, and 20 THz on the permeability of the Kv1.2 voltage-gated potassium ion channel on the nerve cell membrane was studied using the combined model of the "Constant Electric Field-Ion Imbalance" method by molecular dynamics. We found that although the applied terahertz electric field does not produce strong resonance with the -C=O groups of the conservative sequence T-V-G-Y-G amino acid residue of the selective filter (SF) of the channel, it would affect the stability of the electrostatic bond between potassium ions and the carbonyl group of T-V-G-Y-G of SF, and it would affect the stability of the hydrogen bond between water molecules and oxygen atoms of the hydroxyl group of the 374THR side chain at the SF entrance, changing the potential and occupied states of ions in the SF and the occurrence probability of the permeation mode of ions and resulting in the change in the permeability of the channel.

hnRNP K induces HPV16 oncogene expression and promotes cervical cancerization.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the expression of hnRNP K in cervical carcinogenesis and to investigate the regulatory role of hnRNP K on HPV16 oncogene expression as well as biological changes in cervical cancer cells.

Methods: In total 1042 subjects, including 573 with the normal cervix and 469 with different grades of cervical lesions were enrolled in this study to explore the association between hnRNP K and HPV16 oncogene expression in cervical carcinogenesis. Additionally, the Gene Omnibus (GEO) database was used to analyze hnRNP K mRNA expression in cervical cancerization.

Regulation of Ion Permeation of the KcsA Channel by Applied Midinfrared Field.

Ion transport molecules are involved in many physiological and pathological processes and are considered potential targets for cancer treatment. In the large family of ion transport molecules, potassium (K) ion channels, as surface-expressed proteins, show the highest variability and most frequent expression changes in many tumor types. The key to exploring the permeation of K through potassium channels lies in the conserved sequence TVGYG, which is common in the selectivity filter (SF) region of all potassium channels.

Novel transketolase inhibitor oroxylin A suppresses the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and hepatocellular carcinoma tumour growth in mice and patient-derived organoids.

Background: Transketolase (TKT), a key rate-limiting enzyme in the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), provides more than 85% of the ribose required for de novo nucleotide biosynthesis and promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pharmacologic inhibition of TKT could impede HCC development and enhance treatment efficacy. However, no safe and effective TKT inhibitor has been approved.

hnRNP E1 Regulates HPV16 Oncogene Expression and Inhibits Cervical Cancerization.

hnRNP E1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1) is an important RNA-binding protein (RBPs) that plays a vital role in tumor development. Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) contains numerous sites that can bind to RNA/DNA and may be modified by multiple RBPs, which contribute to HPV gene expression and HPV-associated cancer development. However, the effects of hnRNP E1 on HPV16 oncogenes in the development of cervical lesions remain unclear.

Suppression of phosphodiesterase IV enzyme by roflumilast ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in aged rats after sevoflurane anaesthesia via PKA-CREB and MEK/ERK pathways.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a prevalent disorder after anaesthesia in the elderly patients. Roflumilast (RF), a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE-4) inhibitor, could improve cognition with no side effects. Here, we sought to explore the efficacy of RF in the improvement of cognitive dysfunction caused by sevoflurane (Sev).

Immune suppressive function of IL-1α release in the tumor microenvironment regulated by calpain 1.

Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) plays an important role in inflammation and hematopoiesis. Many tumors have increased IL-1α expression. However, the immune regulatory role of secreted IL-1α in tumor development and whether it can be targeted for cancer therapy are still unclear.

Effect of the Surface Morphology of Porous Coatings on Secondary Electron Yield of Metal Surface.

Surface roughening is an important material surface treatment technique, and it is particularly useful for use in secondary electron yield (SEY) suppression on metal surfaces. Porous structures produced via roughening on coatings have been confirmed to reduce SEY, but the regulation strategy and the influence of process parameters both remain unclear in the practical fabrication of effective porous structures. In this paper, the effect of the surface morphology of porous coatings on the SEY of aluminum alloy substrates was studied.

Inhibiting C-4 Methyl Sterol Oxidase with Novel Diazaborines to Target Fungal Plant Pathogens.

With resistance to current agricultural fungicides rising, a great need has emerged for new antifungals with unexploited targets. In response, we report a novel series of diazaborines with potent activity against representative fungal plant pathogens. To identify their mode of action, we selected for resistant isolates using the model fungus .

Endoscopic follow-up of mucosal defect after hot versus cold snare polypectomy in animal model.

Background And Aim: Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) has received increasing attention in recent years, but few studies have assessed defect repair after polypectomy. Therefore, we compared the repair of mucosal defect after CSP and hot snare polypectomy (HSP) in a rabbit model.

Methods: Resection of normal colonic mucosa using both HSP and CSP were performed in 40 male New Zealand white rabbits by an experienced endoscopist.

Patient-derived organoids for personalized gallbladder cancer modelling and drug screening.

Background: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a relatively rare but highly aggressive cancer with late clinical detection and a poor prognosis. However, the lack of models with features consistent with human gallbladder tumours has hindered progress in pathogenic mechanisms and therapies.

Methods: We established organoid lines derived from human GBC as well as normal gallbladder and benign gallbladder adenoma (GBA) tissues.

Positive effects of selenium supplementation on selenoprotein S expression and cytokine status in a murine model of acute liver injury.

Background: It is a consensus that selenomethionine (SeMet) can protect liver from damage, but the immune mechanism of SeMet in acute liver injury (ALI) is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of SeMet against ALI and to elucidate the possible immune mechanism.

Methods: Firstly, the role of SeMet in CCl-induced ALI mice was investigated through survival rate, serum ALT and AST, liver necrosis and apoptosis analysis.

TIPE2 Suppresses Malignancy of Pancreatic Cancer Through Inhibiting TGFβ1 Mediated Signaling Pathway.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the major reasons of cancer-associated deaths due to poor diagnosis, high metastasis and drug resistance. Therefore, it is important to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pancreatic cancer to identify new targets for the treatment. TIPE2 is an essential regulator of tumor apoptosis, inflammation and immune homeostasis.