Nano-Computed Tomography: Technique and Applications.

Unlabelled: Nano-computed tomography (nano-CT) is an emerging, high-resolution cross-sectional imaging technique and represents a technical advancement of the established micro-CT technology. Based on the application of a transmission target X-ray tube, the focal spot size can be decreased down to diameters less than 400 nanometers (nm). Together with specific detectors and examination protocols, a superior spatial resolution up to 400 nm (10 % MTF) can be achieved, thereby exceeding the resolution capacity of typical micro-CT systems.

Quantitative 3D micro-CT imaging of human lung tissue.

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of micro-CT for obtaining quantitative volumetric and morphologic information of changes in soft tissue, respiratory tracts and vascularization in fibrotic, emphysematous and non-diseased human lung specimens.

Materials And Methods: Specimens from autopsy or lung explantation with lung fibrosis of UIP pattern (n = 22) or centrilobular emphysema (n = 10) were scanned by micro-CT and compared to controls (n = 22). Imaging was performed subsequent to intravascular contrast enhancement for the assessment of the vascular volume fraction.

Synchrotron-based micro-CT imaging of the human lung acinus.

Structural data about the human lung fine structure are mainly based on stereological methods applied to serial sections. As these methods utilize 2D images, which are often not contiguous, they suffer from inaccuracies which are overcome by analysis of 3D micro-CT images of the never-sectioned specimen. The purpose of our study was to generate a complete data set of the intact three-dimensional architecture of the human acinus using high-resolution synchrotron-based micro-CT (synMCT).

Treatment of a double nonunion of the femur by rhBMP-2.

A 49-year-old patient sustained an ipsilateral fracture of the lateral femoral neck and distal femoral shaft, which were treated with a long intramedullary nail with a hip screw component. Both fractures did not heal, and both nonunion sites were revised by reosteosynthesis with a dynamic hip screw for the femoral neck and a locked intramedullary nail for the shaft region combined with autogenous bone grafting at both sites. At 14 months from injury and after 2 operations, both nonunions persisted.

Three-dimensional imaging and morphometric analysis of alveolar tissue from microfocal X-ray-computed tomography.

We evaluated microfocal X-ray-computed tomography (micro-CT) as a method to visualize lung architecture two and three dimensionally and to obtain morphometric data. Inflated porcine lungs were fixed by formaldehyde ventilation. Tissue samples (8-mm diameter, 10-mm height) were stained with osmium tetroxide, and 400 projection images (1,024 x 1,024 pixel) were obtained.

[Micro-CT analysis of cancellous bone fragments from the distal radius fracture zone in osteoporosis].

The incidence and prevalence of osteoporosis must be considered to continue to increase significantly due to the expected demographic development and environmental changes. In the diagnosis and staging of osteoporosis the three-dimensional bone structure should be as important as the bone mass or the mineral content of the bone. In this study, microfragments were taken from distal radius fracture zones and investigated in Micro-CT scans.

The digestive tract of Nautilus pompilius (Cephalopoda, Tetrabranchiata): an X-ray analytical and computational tomography study on the living animal.

Using X-ray analytical studies and computational tomography, the position of the digestive tract of the tetrabranchiate cephalopod Nautilus pompilius L. was demonstrated in a living animal. For the first time, a detailed analysis of the rate of digestion and the duration of the different phases of a digestive cycle has been made using these in vivo methods.

[Ultrasonography as a diagnostic measure in the rupture of fibular ligaments. Comparative study: sonography versus radiological investigations].

Purpose: The present prospective clinical study was designed to verify the value of ultrasound examination concerning injuries of the fibular ligaments of the ankle using functional examinations under ultrasound supervision.

Method: 34 patients who had sustained a lesion of the fibular ligaments of the ankle were compared with 42 healthy persons. The lateral malleolus and the collum tali were used as reproducible bony landmarks in ultrasound.

[Standardized ultrasound examination of the ankle joint. Clarification of ultrasound standard image sections by corresponding MRI sections].

Aim: The sonographical examination of the ankle was demonstrated in five standard cross-sections presented by the DEGUM (German Society for the Development of Ultrasonography in the Locomotor Apparatus) and compared with corresponding MRI cross-sections.

Method: The sonographical examination was done in a real-time method with an ultrasound unit Type Versa (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) and with a linear transducer (frequency 7.5 Mhz).