[Changes of human immunophenotype during adaptation to environmental factors, in different forms of pathology and their specific treatment].

The aim of the study was to elucidate mechanisms underlying variations of human immune phenotype in the course of adaptation to environmental factors, development of different forms of pathology and their specific treatment from dynamics of expression of surface CD-molecules in lymphocyte plasmolemma and immunoglobulin A, M, G levels in blood plasma. 253 assumingly healthy volunteers residing in the Moscow Megapolis exhibited a tendency toward enhanced lymphocyte apoptosis and reduced efficiency of their co-stimulation and cooperative interaction. Pathologies of different etiology were associated with the imbalance of specific and non-specific reactions of immune and biological control.

[Free radical peroxidation processes and cardiotoxicity in treatment of malignant lymphomas].

The dynamics of free radical and peroxidation processes in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) was studied parallel to the evaluation of changes in the functional condition of the cardiovascular system during a course of chemotherapy. Thirty-one patients (17 men; 14 women) aged 30 to 81, were examined. The dynamics of active oxygen forms (AOF) generation was studied using chemiluminiscent technique.

[Free radical processes in patients with iron deficiency anemia treated with iron medication].

Aim: To study the effects of iron salts drugs (ISD) sorbifer durules and ferro-folgamma on free radical processes in 44 patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA).

Material And Methods: IDA was diagnosed as a rule in women with uterine myomas, endometriosis, dysfunctional hemorrhage and other menorragias. Generation of active oxygen forms (AOF) was estimated by hemoluminescence (CL) before and after therapy.

[Vasaprostan treatment of fibrosing alveolitis in patients with pulmonary hypertension].

Aim: To study clinical efficacy of vasaprostan in patients with fibrosing alveolitis (FA) complicated by pulmonary hypertension (PH), its effect on functional activity of platelets and endothelium, intensity of free radical processes.

Material And Methods: Seven FA patients were examined. They had either idiopathic FA or FA with diffuse diseases of the connective tissues.

[Changes in generation of superoxide anion-radical by phagocytic and other cells of atherosclerotic plaques at different stages of human atherosclerosis].

We investigated changes in generation of free radicals of oxygen including superoxide anion-radical (SAR) of oxygen by phagocytes and other cells of atherosclerotic plaques resected in operations of aortofemoral or aortoiliac bypass grafting and plastic vascular surgery of 38 patients with obliterating atherosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities. We found some regularities in changes of SAR generation by phagocyting cells of atherosclerotic plaques at different morphological stages of their formation. Generation of the radicals progressively increased at the stage of fibrous plaques (1.

[Pathogenic and adaptive changes of the heart in regional myocardial ischemia and postischemic myocardial reperfusion].

The evidence is presented and on development of both adaptive and pathogenic changes in the heart in its regional ischemia followed by renewal of circulation in major branches of coronary arteries. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of cardiac changes are characterized: energy supply to cardiomyocytes; their membrane physico-chemical status and structure, enzymes activity, ion-liquid balance, electrophysiological parameters; genetic program of myocardial cells; mechanisms of neurohumoral regulation. Mechanisms and role of the phenomenon of hormone-neuromediator dissociation of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) correlations in long-term ischemia and reperfusion of the myocardium are described.

[Patterns and the role of changes in the sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of the heart in local ischemia and reperfusion].

Modelling of transient coronary insufficiency on 480 conscious and unconscious non-inbred albino mate rats during 10-, 40-, or 120-min coronary occlusion, followed by 40-60-min myocardial reperfusion revealed characteristic changes in the sympathetic and parasympathetic mechanisms of cardiac regulation. According to the extent and duration, 3 phenomena were identified, which were of mainly adaptive or pathogenic significance. These included: 1) replacement of the domination of sympathetic influences on the heart by the predomination of parasympathetic effects; 2) development of hormonal and neuromediator dissociation of catecholamine levels in the heart; 3) regulation-restricted cardiac participation in systemic hemodynamic responses.

Principles and methods of medicamentous protection of myocardial cellular membranes for prevention of cardiac reperfusion syndrome.

A model of regional transitory coronary insufficiency was employed in experiments on 300 male albino rats under urethan anaesthesia (13.4 mmol/kg b.m.

[Sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation of the heart in transitory coronary insufficiency].

Experiments were made on 480 rats and 60 rabbits with transitory insufficiency (duration of myocardial ischemia 10.40 and 120 min the length of subsequent reperfusion 40-60 min). It was discovered that there was natural development of the phenomenon of limitation of drawing the heart in direct and reflectory reactions of the circulation system within the increase of duration of local ischemia and the beginning of the subsequent reperfusion.

[Fibrinolytic activity of rat blood during transient coronary insufficiency].

Local 10-min and 40-min myocardial ischemia was accompanied by a significant depression in the rat blood fibrinolytic activity. During 40-min postischemic myocardial reperfusion after short-term (10-min) myocardial ischemia fibrinolytic reactions were activated and after prolonged (40-min) myocardial ischemia they were suppressed.

[Reperfusion damages to the heart in acute transitory coronary failure and their prevention with myophedrin].

Experiments were made on 56 white noninbred male rats with transitory coronary insufficiency (duration of myocardial ischemia 10, 40 and 120 min, the length of subsequent reperfusion 10 and 40 min). It was discovered that there were changes in the ultrastructure of cardiocytes and vessels of the microcirculatory bed both in the area of ischemia and reperfusion and in the distant heart regions, an increase in myocardial cell and microvessel lesions during postischemic reperfusion not only in the area of ischemia but also in distant zones. In addition, a reduction was noted in the degree of ischemic and reperfusion myocardial injury during the prophylactic use of myophedrine.

[Changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in ischemia and subsequent reperfusion of the myocardium].

Transitory coronary failure of the myocardium was accompanied by a considerable reduction in the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase, with the activity of the enzymes under study being not different in the ischemized and distant from ischemia zones of the myocardium. Reperfusion did influence the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase after 10 and 40 minutes of ischemia, whereas following 120 minutes of ischemia the activity of superoxide dismutase ascended after 10 and 40 minutes of reperfusion while the activity of glutathione peroxidase remained unchanged.

[Mechanisms of disordered cardiac energy supply in transient coronary insufficiency].

Experiments conducted on 240 albino non-inbred male rats, using models of transitory coronary insufficiency of various duration (the period of myocardial ischemia lasted 10, 40 and 120 min), showed impaired energy supply to the heart in both periods of its ischemia and reperfusion in relation to three principal stages; first the synthesis of ATP, then the transportation and utilization of its energy. The period of ischemia was associated with disorders of predominantly the ATP synthesis and to a lesser degree of the transport and utilization of its energy. In the period of the post-infarction resumption of the coronary blood flow mostly affected were the mechanisms of the transportation and absorption of ATP energy by the effector apparatus of cardiomyocytes.

[Effect of different combinations of exogenous higher fatty acids on cardiac function during coronary ischemia and reperfusion].

Experiments on 77 white random-bred male rats weighing 200 +/- 10 g have shown that combinations of high unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) containing the precursors of prostaglandin synthesis, arachidonic and linoleic acids, produce a powerful antiarrhythmic action during transitory coronary insufficiency. The effect was seen not only during ischemia but also during subsequent myocardial reperfusion. The combination of HUFA containing arachidonic and linoleic acids as precursors of prostaglandin synthesis exerted a more demonstrable antiarrhythmic action than that without arachidonic acid.

[Dynamics of the cAMP and cGMP content of the heart in transient coronary insufficiency in rats].

Experiments made on 127 white random-bred male rats weighing 200 +/- 10 g with transitory coronary insufficiency (TCI) with varying duration of myocardial ischemia (MI) have revealed consistent changes in the heart cAMP and cGMP. During MI, there was a biphasic variation in the concentration of cyclic nucleotides: an initial appreciable increase in the concentration was replaced by its lowering. At the same time the time course of cGMP content was more mobile in nature as compared to cAMP Reperfusion made at an early period (within the first 40 min) did not normally bring about the normalization of heart content of cyclic nucleotides whose concentration time course depended on the duration of the preceding MI.

[Changes in various hemostasis indices during transient coronary insufficiency with different durations of myocardial ischemia].

Experiments on 93 white random-bred male rats weighing 200 +/- 10 g have shown that during myocardial ischemia under transitory coronary insufficiency, there is an increase in platelet adhesive capacity, acceleration of fibrinogenesis, staged time course of formation of the fibrin-platelet structure of the blood clot, depression of its velocity and lysis degree, as well as of fibrin polymerization. Postischemic reperfusion of the coronary blood flow is not followed by normalization of all the hemostatic indicators under study even after a short-term (10 min) myocardial ischemia. Reperfusion after a long-term (40 min) ischemia gives rise to depression of coagulation and fibrinolytic activity, while that after a still longer ischemia (120 min) is characterized by discordant changes in the parameters of the systems indicated.

[Cholinergic mechanism of cardiac function regulation in acute transient coronary failure].

Experiments on 120 non-inbred white male rats weighing 200 +/- 10 g have shown phasic changes in the function of the cholinergic regulation mechanism of cardiac activity under the development of local transitory myocardial ischemia. It was characterized by activation of parasympathetic neuroeffector influences (as evaluated from the myocardial acetylcholine content) within the first 40 minutes of coronary occlusion and during reperfusion after 10 and 40 minutes of ischemia as well as by reduction of the influences by the 120th minute of myocardial ischemia and in the course of subsequent reperfusion. At the same time phasic reconstruction was recorded of cholinoreactive function of the heart: an increase during ischemia and a tendency towards reduction during subsequent reperfusion.

[Method of modelling acute transient coronary insufficiency in rats].

A special plastic lamina placed on the myocardium is suggested to protect the coronary artery and heart from gross mechanical injuries during simulation of acute transitory coronary insufficiency. The author describes a procedure for lamina manufacture and application. Squashing of the artery is accomplished by its close pressing to the inferior surface of the lamina while tightening ligature knots.

[Mechanisms of the protective action of the calcium antagonists corynphar and verapamil in myocardial ischemia and subsequent reperfusion].

Basing on the results of experiments on 145 rats the authors describe 6 principal mechanisms of the protective action of calcium antagonists, verapamil and corynphar, on acute transitory coronary insufficiency. They are a decrease in ATP deficiency in the impairment of the creatinekinase pathway of energy transport and its utilization, activation of myocardial lipid peroxidation, reduction of adrenoreactive properties of the heart and blood hypercoagulation. It is concluded that suppression of calcium ion transport of cardiomyocytes, particularly by the calcium antagonists, is an effective principle of pathogenetic therapy and prophylaxis of cardiac failure in acute transitory coronary insufficiency.