Bound-State Beta Decay of ^{205}Tl^{81+} Ions and the LOREX Project.

Stable ^{205}Tl ions have the lowest known energy threshold for capturing electron neutrinos (ν_{e}) of E_{ν_{e}}≥50.6  keV. The Lorandite Experiment (LOREX), proposed in the 1980s, aims at obtaining the longtime averaged solar neutrino flux by utilizing natural deposits of Tl-bearing lorandite ores.

A Learnable Prior Improves Inverse Tumor Growth Modeling.

Biophysical modeling, particularly involving partial differential equations (PDEs), offers significant potential for tailoring disease treatment protocols to individual patients. However, the inverse problem-solving aspect of these models presents a substantial challenge, either due to the high computational requirements of model-based approaches or the limited robustness of deep learning (DL) methods. We propose a novel framework that leverages the unique strengths of both approaches in a synergistic manner.

Quantitative 3D histochemistry reveals region-specific amyloid-β reduction by the antidiabetic drug netoglitazone.

A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the extracellular aggregation of toxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides in form of plaques. Here, we identify netoglitazone, an antidiabetic compound previously tested in humans, as an Aβ aggregation antagonist. Netoglitazone improved cognition and reduced microglia activity in a mouse model of AD.

Measurement of the Isolated Nuclear Two-Photon Decay in ^{72}Ge.

The nuclear two-photon or double-gamma (2γ) decay is a second-order electromagnetic process whereby a nucleus in an excited state emits two gamma rays simultaneously. To be able to directly measure the 2γ decay rate in the low-energy regime below the electron-positron pair-creation threshold, we combined the isochronous mode of a storage ring with Schottky resonant cavities. The newly developed technique can be applied to isomers with excitation energies down to ∼100  keV and half-lives as short as ∼10  ms.

How does ionizing radiation affect amyloidogenesis in plants?

Purpose: Ionizing radiation is a harsh environmental factor that could induce plant senescence. We hypothesized that radiation-related senescence remodels proteome, particularly by triggering the accumulation of prion-like proteins in plant tissues. The object of this study, pea ( L.

A Learnable Prior Improves Inverse Tumor Growth Modeling.

Biophysical modeling, particularly involving partial differential equations (PDEs), offers significant potential for tailoring disease treatment protocols to individual patients. However, the inverse problem-solving aspect of these models presents a substantial challenge, either due to the high computational requirements of model-based approaches or the limited robustness of deep learning (DL) methods. We propose a novel framework that leverages the unique strengths of both approaches in a synergistic manner.

Solving inverse problems in physics by optimizing a discrete loss: Fast and accurate learning without neural networks.

In recent years, advances in computing hardware and computational methods have prompted a wealth of activities for solving inverse problems in physics. These problems are often described by systems of partial differential equations (PDEs). The advent of machine learning has reinvigorated the interest in solving inverse problems using neural networks (NNs).

Flow reconstruction by multiresolution optimization of a discrete loss with automatic differentiation.

We present a potent computational method for the solution of inverse problems in fluid mechanics. We consider inverse problems formulated in terms of a deterministic loss function that can accommodate data and regularization terms. We introduce a multigrid decomposition technique that accelerates the convergence of gradient-based methods for optimization problems with parameters on a grid.

Mass Measurement of Upper fp-Shell N=Z-2 and N=Z-1 Nuclei and the Importance of Three-Nucleon Force along the N=Z Line.

Using a novel method of isochronous mass spectrometry, the masses of ^{62}Ge, ^{64}As, ^{66}Se, and ^{70}Kr are measured for the first time, and the masses of ^{58}Zn, ^{61}Ga, ^{63}Ge, ^{65}As, ^{67}Se, ^{71}Kr, and ^{75}Sr are redetermined with improved accuracy. The new masses allow us to derive residual proton-neutron interactions (δV_{pn}) in the N=Z nuclei, which are found to decrease (increase) with increasing mass A for even-even (odd-odd) nuclei beyond Z=28. This bifurcation of δV_{pn} cannot be reproduced by the available mass models, nor is it consistent with expectations of a pseudo-SU(4) symmetry restoration in the fp shell.

Computing foaming flows across scales: From breaking waves to microfluidics.

Crashing ocean waves, cappuccino froths, and microfluidic bubble crystals are examples of foamy flows. Foamy flows are critical in numerous natural and industrial processes and remain notoriously difficult to compute as they involve coupled, multiscale physical processes. Computations need to resolve the interactions of the bubbles separated by stable thin liquid films.

Optimization of Thick-Walled Viscoelastic Hollow Polymer Cylinders by Artificial Heterogeneity Creation: Theoretical Aspects.

A theoretical solution of the problem of thick-walled shell optimization by varying the mechanical characteristics of the material over the thickness of the structure is proposed, taking into account its rheological properties. The optimization technique is considered by the example of a cylindrical shell made of high-density polyethylene with hydroxyapatite subjected to internal pressure. Radial heterogeneity can be created by centrifugation during the curing of the polymer mixed with the additive.

Structural Variability, Expression Profile, and Pharmacogenetic Properties of TMPRSS2 Gene as a Potential Target for COVID-19 Therapy.

The human serine protease serine 2 TMPRSS2 is involved in the priming of proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and represents a possible target for COVID-19 therapy. The TMPRSS2 gene may be co-expressed with SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor genes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Basigin (BSG), but only TMPRSS2 demonstrates tissue-specific expression in alveolar cells according to single-cell RNA sequencing data. Our analysis of the structural variability of the TMPRSS2 gene based on genome-wide data from 76 human populations demonstrates that a functionally significant missense mutation in exon 6/7 in the TMPRSS2 gene is found in many human populations at relatively high frequencies, with region-specific distribution patterns.

A 410 MHz resonant cavity pickup for heavy ion storage rings.

An improved design of a longitudinally sensitive resonant Schottky cavity pickup for the heavy ion storage rings of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe (FAIR) project is reported. The new detector has a higher measured Q value of ∼3000 and a higher simulated shunt impedance of 473.3 kΩ.

Opening-wedge V-shaped corrective osteotomy for malunited fractures of metacarpal bones.

Currently, the most commonly used method of treatment of patients with fractures of the metacarpal bones is closed reposition with immobilization of short-arm cast. This often leads to dislocation of fragments, their malunion, which leads to wrist functionality disorders and reduces the quality of patients' life. The main way to eliminate the deformities ‒ osteotomy of the metacarpal bones, followed by osteosynthesis.

Shifts in the Genetic Landscape of the Western Eurasian Steppe Associated with the Beginning and End of the Scythian Dominance.

The Early Iron Age nomadic Scythians have been described as a confederation of tribes of different origins, based on ancient DNA evidence [1-3]. It is still unclear how much of the Scythian dominance in the Eurasian Steppe was due to movements of people and how much reflected cultural diffusion and elite dominance. We present new whole-genome sequences of 31 ancient Western and Eastern Steppe individuals, including Scythians as well as samples pre- and postdating them, allowing us to set the Scythians in a temporal context (in the Western, i.

Refining wet lab experiments with in silico searches: A rational quest for diagnostic peptides in visceral leishmaniasis.

Background: The search for diagnostic biomarkers has been profiting from a growing number of high quality sequenced genomes and freely available bioinformatic tools. These can be combined with wet lab experiments for a rational search. Improved, point-of-care diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), early case detection and surveillance are required.

Y-chromosomal analysis of clan structure of Kalmyks, the only European Mongol people, and their relationship to Oirat-Mongols of Inner Asia.

Kalmyks, the only Mongolic-speaking population in Europe, live in the southeast of the European Plain, in Russia. They adhere to Buddhism and speak a dialect of the Mongolian language. Historical and linguistic evidence, as well a shared clan names, suggests a common origin with Oirats of western Mongolia; yet, only a limited number of genetic studies have focused on this topic.

Approaching the Gamow Window with Stored Ions: Direct Measurement of ^{124}Xe(p,γ) in the ESR Storage Ring.

We report the first measurement of low-energy proton-capture cross sections of ^{124}Xe in a heavy-ion storage ring. ^{124}Xe^{54+} ions of five different beam energies between 5.5 and 8 AMeV were stored to collide with a windowless hydrogen target.