Mechanisms and Functions of the Cerebral-Cognitive Reserve in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review.

Background: The need for scientific knowledge about aging is predicated on the demand of modern society to extend the active life of a person. To maintain intellectual longevity, it is necessary to take into account not only the pathological, but also compensatory mechanisms that arise during aging. The cerebral-cognitive reserve (CCR) influences the rate of transition from pre-phenomenological stages to the clinical stage of the disease, thereby changing the prognosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Vacancy formation in a 1D chain of dust particles in a DC discharge.

The paper presents the first experimental observation of an atypical phenomena during self-organization of dust particles into a one-dimensional chain structure levitated vertically in the plasma of a DC glow discharge. Using a laser, the third (middle) dust particle was removed from the chain of five particles so that the positions of the remaining particles did not significantly change, and a vacancy occurred in the place of the removed particle. This state of the chain turned out to be very stable, which is confirmed by the observation of the subsequent exchange of places of the fourth and the fifth particles of the chain upon the action of the laser on the forth particle.

Plasma electron acceleration driven by a long-wave-infrared laser.

Laser-driven plasma accelerators provide tabletop sources of relativistic electron bunches and femtosecond x-ray pulses, but usually require petawatt-class solid-state-laser pulses of wavelength λ ~ 1 μm. Longer-λ lasers can potentially accelerate higher-quality bunches, since they require less power to drive larger wakes in less dense plasma. Here, we report on a self-injecting plasma accelerator driven by a long-wave-infrared laser: a chirped-pulse-amplified CO laser (λ ≈ 10 μm).

Motility provides specific adhesion patterns and improves Listeria monocytogenes invasion into human HEp-2 cells.

Listeria monocytogenes is motile at 22°C and non-motile at 37°C. In contrast, expression of L. monocytogenes virulence factors is low at 22°C and up-regulated at 37°C.

Total Synthesis of Racemic Thieno[3,2-]thiochromene Tricarboxylate, a Luciferin from Marine Polychaeta .

We report the first total synthesis of racemic luciferin, a thieno[3,2-]thiochromene tricarboxylate comprising a 6-6-5-fused tricyclic skeleton with three sulfur atoms in different electronic states. The key transformation is based on tandem condensation of bifunctional thiol-phosphonate, obtained from dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate, with benzothiophene-6,7-quinone. The presented convergent approach provides the synthesis of the target compound with a previously unreported fused heterocyclic core in 11 steps, thus allowing for unambiguous confirmation of the chemical structure of luciferin by 2D-NMR spectroscopy.

Cascade Vinylation/8π-Electrocyclization and Cu(II)-Catalyzed Dehydrogenation toward Highly Stable Formally Antiaromatic Cycloheptatrienyl Anions.

An approach to the synthesis of seven-membered systems via the chain elongation of nucleophilic propenes and subsequent 8π-electrocyclization is proposed. The cascade reaction yields either cycloheptadienes or bicycloheptenes, and the latter are formed via a 6π-electrocyclization of intermediate cycloheptadienyl anion which was proved to be reversible in a basic medium. The electrocyclic nature of the ring-closing reactions was supported by density functional theory and DLPNO/CCSD(T) calculations.

The Good Compliance is an Opportunity to Avoid Pathological Brain Aging.

Preservation of health, increase in life expectancy determine the need to improve the effectiveness of medical recommendations, which, despite the success of pharmacology, are insufficient for reasons related to the low level of compliance with these recommendations by patients. The authors of the article believe that compliance is a kind of quantifiable and behaviorally realized reflection of therapeutic interaction, refracted through the prism of the patient's individual personality characteristics. Participants of the study-148 employees of medical institutions: 12 men, 136 women, their age ranged from 27 to 74 years.

Gender Features of the Cognitive Reserve.

Background: The high risk of cognitive impairment in people of older age groups determines the relevance of the study of factors contributing to the preservation of cognitive potential at a young age, which is necessary to develop a cognitive reserve model aimed at preventing the transformation of physiological aging into pathological. Purpose, to identify the importance of the "gender" factor for the formation of a cognitive reserve.

Materials And Methods: The research material was scientific publications on the topic of work.

Long lifetime of bialkali photocathodes operating in high gradient superconducting radio frequency gun.

High brightness, high charge electron beams are critical for a number of advanced accelerator applications. The initial emittance of the electron beam, which is determined by the mean transverse energy (MTE) and laser spot size, is one of the most important parameters determining the beam quality. The bialkali photocathodes illuminated by a visible laser have the advantages of high quantum efficiency (QE) and low MTE.

Using solenoid as multipurpose tool for measuring beam parameters.

Solenoids are frequently used for focusing low-energy beams. In this paper, we show how they can serve as multipurpose diagnostics tools to measure various beam parameters, including energy, emittance, the second moments of the transverse distribution, and the beam position and angle with respect to the solenoid's axis. The energy measurement is based on rotation of the plane of the transverse motion, as opposed to generating dispersion with a dipole.

High-Brightness Continuous-Wave Electron Beams from Superconducting Radio-Frequency Photoemission Gun.

Continuous-wave photoinjectors operating at high accelerating gradients promise to revolutionize many areas of science and applications. They can establish the basis for a new generation of monochromatic x-ray free electron lasers, high-brightness hadron beams, or a new generation of microchip production. In this Letter we report on the record-performing superconducting rf electron gun with CsK_{2}Sb photocathode.

Experimental Demonstration of Hadron Beam Cooling Using Radio-Frequency Accelerated Electron Bunches.

Cooling of beams of gold ions using electron bunches accelerated with radio-frequency systems was recently experimentally demonstrated in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Such an approach is new and opens the possibility of using this technique at higher energies than possible with electrostatic acceleration of electron beams. The challenges of this approach include generation of electron beams suitable for cooling, delivery of electron bunches of the required quality to the cooling sections without degradation of beam angular divergence and energy spread, achieving the required small angles between electron and ion trajectories in the cooling sections, precise velocity matching between the two beams, high-current operation of the electron accelerator, as well as several physics effects related to bunched-beam cooling.

A Ring Contraction of 2,3-Di- O-Silylated Thiopyranosides To Give Thiofuranosides under Mildly Acidic Conditions.

A pyranose ring contraction of ethyl 1-thio-β-d-galactopyranosides has been discovered that proceeds with retention of aglycon under mildly acidic conditions (aq TFA in CHCl). Key factors for success of this rearrangement are the presence of bulky silyl (TIPS or TBDPS) substituents at both O-2 and O-3 and a free hydroxy group at C-4 (derivatives with acid-labile protective groups at O-4 will also engage in this reaction). The rearrangement cleanly proceeds for 2,3-di- O-TIPS derivatives with two hydroxy groups at C-4 and C-6, acid-labile TES groups at O-4 and O-6, or one acyl substituent (Bz, ClAc) at O-6.

Design of a high-bunch-charge 112-MHz superconducting RF photoemission electron source.

High-bunch-charge photoemission electron-sources operating in a continuous wave (CW) mode are required for many advanced applications of particle accelerators, such as electron coolers for hadron beams, electron-ion colliders, and free-electron lasers. Superconducting RF (SRF) has several advantages over other electron-gun technologies in CW mode as it offers higher acceleration rate and potentially can generate higher bunch charges and average beam currents. A 112 MHz SRF electron photoinjector (gun) was developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory to produce high-brightness and high-bunch-charge bunches for the coherent electron cooling proof-of-principle experiment.

Effects of Cichorium Intybus L. Root Extract on Secretory Activity of the Stomach in Health and Ulcer Disease.

Gastroprotective effect of Cichorium intybus L. root extract is demonstrated on H. Shay's model of experimental ulcer in rats.

Experimental observation of suppression of coherent-synchrotron-radiation-induced beam-energy spread with shielding plates.

We describe the first direct observation of the significant suppression of the energy spread induced by coherent synchrotron radiation by a pair of conductive plates placed inside a dipole magnet. In addition to various feedback loops improving the energy stability of the beam parameters, our key innovation for this experiment is the observation of the time-resolved energy variation within the electron bunch, instead of the traditionally measured rms energy spread. We present the results of the experiments and compare them with a rigorous analytical theory.

Coherent electron cooling.

Cooling intense high-energy hadron beams poses a major challenge for modern accelerator physics. The synchrotron radiation emitted from such beams is feeble; even in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) operating with 7 TeV protons, the longitudinal damping time is about 13 hours. None of the traditional cooling methods seem able to cool LHC-class protons beams.

[Specific features of myocardial infarction in young and middle-aged subjects].

The aim of the study was to obtain an insight into the origin and specific features of myocardial infarction (MI) in 322 subjects below 60 yr of age. Most patients had anginous complaints. The incidence of non-anginous forms of MI in patients aged below 45 and 46-60 years was estimated with reference to the occurrence of complications.

Self-induced harmonic generation in a storage-ring free-electron laser.

Coherent radiation from a relativistic electron beam is a valuable way to overcome the present limitations of conventional lasers and synchrotron radiation light sources. The typical scheme has electrons, directly from a linac, in a single-pass interaction with a laser pulse in the presence of a static undulator magnetic field. We demonstrate that a storage-ring free-electron laser can also achieve harmonic generation (down to 36.

Experimental studies of the magnetized friction force.

High-energy electron cooling, presently considered as an essential tool for several applications in high-energy and nuclear physics, requires an accurate description of the friction force which ions experience by passing through an electron beam. Present low-energy electron coolers can be used for a detailed study of the friction force. In addition, parameters of a low-energy cooler can be chosen in a manner to reproduce regimes expected in future high-energy operation.

[Experience of surgical treatment of primary peripheral pulmonary cancer and of tumoral metastases by video-assisted thoracoscopy].

In clinic of thoracic surgery were operated on 2108 patients for various forms of pulmonary cancer, 218 (10.3%) of them--using videothoracoscopy (VTHS). In 141 (64.

[Surgical treatment of the aortic arch aneurysm. Immediate results].

There was performed the retrospective analysis of 23 consecutive patients, to whom beside the ascending aorta aneurysm correction the aorta arch prosthesis was done in conditions of deep hypothermia, the blood circulation arrest with retrograde cerebral perfusion via vena cava superior. For an acute layering and aneurysm of aorta with pericardium tamponade or hemothorax occurrence 16 (69.6%) of patients were operated on in emergency.