Fellgett Revisited: On the Nature of Noise in Two-Dimensional Mass Spectrometry.

Two-dimensional mass spectrometry (2DMS) is a truly data-independent acquisition technique used in the analysis of complex mixtures; however, the nature of the noise within these spectra is not well understood. In this work, 2DMS is tested for conformity with the Fellgett principle: (signal/noise) ∝ √ (no. of data points).

Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients carrying mitochondrial mutations exhibit altered bioenergetics and aberrant differentiation potential.

Background: Human mitochondrial DNA mutations are associated with common to rare mitochondrial disorders, which are multisystemic with complex clinical pathologies. The pathologies of these diseases are poorly understood and have no FDA-approved treatments leading to symptom management. Leigh syndrome (LS) is a pediatric mitochondrial disorder that affects the central nervous system during early development and causes death in infancy.

A Modern Approach to Treat Molar/Incisor Pattern Periodontitis-Review.

Molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (MIPP) is a severe form of periodontal disease characterized by rapid attachment loss and bone destruction affecting the molars and incisors. Formerly referred to as aggressive periodontitis, the terminology for this condition was revised after the 2017 workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. Despite the modification in nomenclature, the treatment strategies for MIPP remain a critical area of investigation.

Environmental Concentrations of the Type 2 Diabetes Medication Metformin and Its Transformation Product Guanylurea in Surface Water and Sediment in Ontario and Quebec, Canada.

Metformin, used to treat Type 2 diabetes, is the active ingredient of one of the most prescribed drugs in the world, with over 120 million yearly prescriptions globally. In wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs), metformin can undergo microbial transformation to form the product guanylurea, which could have toxicological relevance in the environment. Surface water samples from 2018 to 2020 and sediment samples from 2020 were collected from six mixed-use watersheds in Quebec and Ontario, Canada, and analyzed to determine the metformin and guanylurea concentrations at each site.

In Silico Demonstration of Two-Dimensional Mass Spectrometry Using Spatially Dependent Fragmentation.

Two-dimensional mass spectrometry (2DMS) allows for the analysis of complex mixtures of all kinds at high speed and resolution without data loss from isolation or biased acquisition, effectively generating tandem mass spectrometry information for all ions at once. Currently, this technique is limited to instruments utilizing an ion trap such as the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance or linear ion traps. To overcome this limitation, new fragmentation waveforms were used in either a temporal or spatial configuration, allowing for the application of 2DMS on a much wider array of instruments.

Childhood Obesity, Genetic Variation, and Dental Age.

The purpose of this study was to determine if dental ages are more advanced in overweight children and influenced by genetic variation. Panoramic radiographs from 577 children were obtained. For performing genetic studies, an additional 236 subjects had panoramic radiographs and whole saliva samples collected.

Delivery of multiple ecosystem services in pasture by shelter created from the hybrid sterile bioenergy grass Miscanthus x giganteus.

The benefits of shelter in increasing crop yields and accelerating ripening has been well researched in fruit, arable and horticultural crops. Its benefits to pasture, despite its importance for livestock production, is less well researched. In this work, Miscanthus shelterbelts were established on an intensively irrigated dairy farm.

Potential of the beneficial fungus Trichoderma to enhance ecosystem-service provision in the biofuel grass Miscanthus x giganteus in agriculture.

The sterile hybrid grass Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg) can produce more than 30 t dry matter/ha/year. This biomass has a range of uses, including animal bedding and a source of heating fuel. The grass provides a wide range of other ecosystem services (ES), including shelter for crops and livestock, a refuge for beneficial arthropods, reptiles and earthworms and is an ideal cellulosic feedstock for liquid biofuels such as renewable (drop-in) diesel.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for flexible sigmoidoscopy as a screening method for the prevention of colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer is a significant cause of death. Removal of precancerous adenomas, and early detection and treatment of cancer, has been shown to reduce the risk of death. The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to determine whether flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) is an effective population screening method for reducing mortality from colorectal cancer.

World Congress of Epidemiology 2011: themes and highlights.

Modern-day epidemiologists are confronted with huge changes, such as the rise in the global population due to reduced mortality, migration within and across countries, massive shifts in economic standing and lifestyles, and environmental degradation. With over 1000 posters, more than 100 oral presentations, 16 workshops, four lunchtime symposia, many exhibitions and immeasurable discussions, the task of capturing all highlights of the International Epidemiology Association (IEA) World Congress of Epidemiology 2011 is impossible, but this article has provided a sample. Many presenters showed that the challenges facing global health are complex, changing and in demand of measurement, and they demonstrated the central role of epidemiology.

Is there an association between preterm birth or low birthweight and chronic widespread pain? Results from the 1958 Birth Cohort Study.

Objective: The aim was to examine the relationship between gestational age and birthweight and adult chronic widespread pain (CWP).

Design And Participants: A prospective cohort study of 18,558 participants recorded birthweight and gestation at birth.

Exposure: Participants were categorised by gestation (fullterm ≥37 weeks; preterm <37 week) and birthweight (full birthweight (FBW) ≥2.

Developing a research agenda for the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons: results of a delphi approach.

Purpose: By use of a systematic approach, the aim of this project was to survey a group of colorectal specialists and reach a consensus on the research questions of highest importance in terms of clinical care.

Methods: A modified Delphi process was performed. In Round 1 research questions were solicited from members of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons.

Nursing interventions for preventing alcohol-related harm.

Harrington-Dobinson and Blows recently provided a three-part series of articles on alcohol, its consequences for health and wellbeing, and the role of the nurse. Their third article outlined the health education and health promotion role of the nurse. They outlined basic principles for nursing practice in relation to the patient with alcohol dependence in the acute general hospital.

Does socio-economic status influence the acceptability of, attendance for, and outcome of, screening and brief interventions for alcohol misuse: a review.

Aims: To determine whether socio-economic status (SES) influences (i) willingness to participate in brief intervention (BI) research, (ii) attendance to receive BI once allocated, and (iii) treatment outcome.

Methods: Systematic review of published, randomised controlled trials of BI for non-dependent alcohol misuse in primary health care settings.

Results: Eighteen papers met inclusion criteria.

Links between drug and alcohol misuse and psychiatric disorders.

Substance use is common in a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorder can increase the risks of such use developing into a substance use disorder. Conversely, substance use disorders are frequently accompanied by psychiatric symptoms.

Comorbid chronic non-cancer pain and opioid use disorders.

Patients with chronic non-cancer pain and opioid dependence are difficult to treat effectively. This article reviews the common issues that arise in relation to assessment and treatment, and recommends the adoption of an integrated approach to this patient population.

Critical realism and psychiatric nursing: a philosophical inquiry.

Background: There is a tension within contemporary psychiatric nursing between those who would embrace the knowledge and methods of psychiatry and psychology, and those who instead argue for the development of an autonomous nursing profession. This tension cannot be resolved by way of the underpinning philosophies of these positions, namely empiricism and idealism. Instead, critical realism, positioned between these philosophies offers a methodology through which to seek a new paradigm.

Growth of bacteria in prefilled syringes stored in home refrigerators.

Insulin was examined for the rate of bacterial growth after being stored in prefilled syringes in home refrigerators and in a controlled laboratory refrigerator. Home refrigerators were used to simulate conditions that exist in client homes to establish the safety of storing insulin in prefilled syringes in uncontrolled environments. Insulin from each source was inoculated on three different media and incubated at three temperatures in three oxygen environments.