[Catalase and glutathione-peroxidase: qualitatively different correlations with the rate of oxygen consumption].

Correlative relations of the liver supernatant enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) and glutathione-peroxidase (GP) with the velocities of oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide exhalation (VCO2) were analyzed by the two- and three-dimensional linear and non-linear statistical methods in mice. It is shown that despite the close functions, CAT and GP, nevertheless, exhibit opposite correlative and regressive links with the gaseous exchange indices. As was found by the pairwise linear method, the activity correlation with VO2 was positive for CAT, but negative for GP.

Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the liver of young and old mice: linear regression and correlation.

Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GP) were determined in the liver of 15 young (3-5 months) and 15 old (23-26 months) female CBA mice. Although, the activities of all three enzymes decreased in aging, only the SOD decline was statistically significant (P<0.01).

[Correlative links between superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in mouse liver].

Qualitative and quantitative differences in correlative and regressive links between superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase were assessed in the mice liver by two- and three-dimensional statistical methods. Paired linear correlation analysis indicated SOD-CAT tandem as the correlatively acting enzymatic pair. Three-dimensional analysis revealed uniform response surfaces which exhibited higher activities at disproportional values of the other two and lower activities at proportional activities of the other two enzymes.

[Molecular and cellular aspects of radiation hormesis in Drosophila melanogaster].

The long-term effects of the R-irradiation of D. melanogaster at the 1-hour egg stage with the dosages of 0.25, 0.

Effects of X-irradiation in early ontogenesis on the longevity and amount of the S1 nuclease-sensitive DNA sites in adult Drosophila melanogaster.

The long-term consequences of the X-irradiation of Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly one-hour eggs with doses of 0.25, 0.50, 0.

Pair-wise linear and 3D nonlinear relationships between the liver antioxidant enzyme activities and the rate of body oxygen consumption in mice.

Relationships between the rate of body oxygen consumption (VO2) and the liver key antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed in female CBA mice. The pair-wise linear regression and correlation demonstrated significant correlative links between VO2 and activity of catalase (CAT). Nonlinear 3D plotting revealed a complementary pattern of CAT and glutathione peroxidase (GP) relation.

[Evolution of mitochondria].

Until recently, the origin and evolution of mitochondria was explained by the serial endosymbiosis hypothesis. This hypothesis posits that contemporary mitochondria are the direct descendants of a bacterial endosymbiont, which was settled in a nucleus-containing amitochondriate host cell. Results of the mitochondrial gene sequences support a monophyletic origin of the mitochondria from a single eubacterial ancestor shared with a subdivision of the alpha-proteobacteria.

[ATP-synthase--intracellular molecular turbine].

Literature data on molecular and functional organization of ATP synthase as turbine-like rotary motor are reviewed. These data now provide the first experimental evidence that ATP synthases from different sources are able to reversibly couple the proton-motive force (proton electrochemical potential) with the synthesis/hydrolysis of ATP by the mechanical rotation of the rotor component of enzyme relative to the its stator part.

[The cytofluorimetric analysis of the nuclei in the regenerating rat liver in the late periods after x-ray irradiation].

The flow cytofluorimetric method allowed to show that intact liver nucleus population of adult (6 months) rats consists of discrete ploidy classes (2c, 4c, 8c and 16c+), from which the diploid class was approximately a half of the total nuclei. Thirty days after the wholebody X-ray irradiation with a dose of 2 Gy, the percentage frequency of each nuclear class was statistically unchanged. However, the polyploidization level of the total nuclear population increased.

[Characterization of the genetic apparatus of cell nuclei and mitochondria of mouse liver during aging].

A comparative biochemical study of the structural-functional peculiarities of genetic apparatus and the content of lipid peroxidation products in the liver nuclei and mitochondria of adult (4.5-5.5 months) and old (22-24 months) CBA mice was carried out.

[The presence of mtDNA-like sequences in the DNA of liver chromatin fractions from rats of different ages].

We have used young (2-3 months), adult (6-8 months) and old (26-28 months) rats. Nuclear DNA (nDNA) was isolated from the liver nuclei and chromatin fractions (RCh, repressed chromatin; ACh, transcriptionally active chromatin; MCh, membrane-bound chromatin) and thereafter loaded on nitrocellulose filters. Hybridization was carried out with radioactively labelled mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a probe mtDNA was first isolated from the liver mitochondria of adult rats and then labelled in nick-translation reaction with 32P-dCTP.

[The oxidant and antioxidant systems in patients with stable stenocardia and with a history of small- and large-focus myocardial infarcts].

A study was made as well as a comparison of values of the cholesterol (Chs) lipid fractions concentrations, and of those of the lipid peroxidation processes activity (LPP) and the gluthathione antioxidant system (AOS) status in male subjects aged from 45 to 59 years, healthy individuals and patients with stable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction (micro- and macrofocal) during cicatrizing stage (health resort rehabilitation stage). In patients with various forms of IHD total cholesterol is raised as are atherogenic lipoproteins, and atherogenicity index, intensification being noted of LPO along with a considerable decrease in functional potencies of AOS. Similar pattern of changes of LPO and AOS in patients with stable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction (MI) during cicatrization stage certainly warrants correction of these systems not only in acute phase of MI but at the stage of rehabilitation as well.

[Synthesis of mtDNA and proteins coded by mtDNA in liver mitochondrial fractions of rats of varying age].

The in vivo synthesis of mtDNA and mtDNA-coded proteins was studied in the whole population and in separate fractions (heavy, middle and light) of liver mitochondria from young (3-4 months), adult (6-8 months) and old (24-26 months) rats. The synthesis rate was estimated from the value of relative specific radioactivity which represented a ratio of specific radioactivity of acid insoluble fraction to that of acid soluble fraction in suspension aliquot of isolated mitochondria. It was found that the synthesis rate of mtDNA in the whole mitochondrial population was increased in the adult rats and decreased in the old animals.

[The dynamics of the structural-functional parameters of the chromatin in regenerating rat liver].

Three fractions of chromatin were obtained from nuclei of the regenerating rat liver: transcriptionally low active (TLA), transcriptionally active (TA) and membrane-bound (MB). Changes in fractions distribution, functional activities and structural reorganization during the cell cycle were found. At the peak of transcription (15 h after PHE) an increase in the relative content of TA and MB fractions as well as an increase of the level of incorporated labelled precursors in RNA of TLA and TA fractions compared to control were observed.

[Molecular mechanisms of damage to fractionated liver chromatin by tetrachloromethane].

Impairing effects of tetrachloromethane on genetic apparatus were shown to consist in its high affinity and binding to transcriptionally active fraction of chromatin and subsequent destruction of DNA. As a result of the impairment the density of the chromatin fraction was increased which expressed as elevated stability to hydrolysis by endogenous nucleases. At the same time, content of single-stranded structures enriched with proteins was increased in the DNA of the transcriptionally active fraction of chromatin.

[Effect of emotional-pain stress on RNA and protein synthesis in rats of different age].

The intensity of RNA and protein biosynthesis is studied in different tissues as well as in active and low-active fractions of liver chromatin, when adult and old rats are subjected to emotional-painful stress during 3 days. Significant stimulation of RNA and protein biosynthesis in chromatin fractions in liver and total RNA and protein in adrenals and hypothalamus is observed.

[Changes in protein, lipid composition, DNA- and RNA- polymerase activity of the chromatin fraction and the nuclear matrix of the rat liver in hypovitaminosis E].

E-hypovitaminosis-induced antioxidant deficiency in rats causes changes in some properties of nuclear structures of the liver cells, i.e. fractions of transcriptionally active and repressed chromatin and nuclear matrix.

[Lipid peroxidation and parameters of thermodenaturation of chromatin fractions in the rat liver].

The fractions of transcriptionally active and repressed chromatin of the rat liver include lipids, whose fatty acid residues are the substrates of lipid peroxidation (LP) processes. In vitro incubation in NADPH- and ascorbate-dependent LP systems resulted in the activation of peroxidation in the liver chromatin of intact animals, estimated from malonic dialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, the LP processes proceeding more intensely in the fractions of transcriptionally active vs. repressed chromatin.

[Structural-functional characteristics of chromatin fractions in the regenerating liver of adult and old rats].

The transcriptional activity, nucleosomal patterns, and thermodenaturation parameters of low-active and active fractions of liver chromatin were studied in adult (6-8 mo) and old (26-28 mo) rats at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after partial hepatectomy. At 2 weeks postoperatively, there was a decrease in relative specific radioactivity (RSR) of the active chromatin fraction in adult rats, which returned to normal by the 4th week, while in the low-active fraction it was decreased throughout all the studied regeneration periods. The decrease of the low-active fraction RSR was attended with changes in the nucleosomal organization and DNA-protein interactions revealed by electrophoresis and thermodenaturation.

[Age-related characteristics of RNA transport through the nuclear membrane].

The effect of cytosol and ATP-regenerating system on RNA, transport was studied in isolated liver nuclei of adult and old rats. The stimulating effect of cytosol was found not to depend on the age of animals. The release of RNA from old rat liver nuclei activated by the ATP-regenerating system was more expressed compared to adult rats.

[Functional activity of fractionated chromatin from rat liver upon a single administration of carbon tetrachloride].

Functions of rat liver cell genome were distinctly altered after a single administration of tetrachloromethane into animals. Maximal alterations in the structure-functional properties of chromatin were detected within 2 hrs after intoxication. The phenomenon was accompanied by the following shifts in the chromatin active fractions: activation of DNA- and RNA polymerases, decrease in content of this fraction, increase in the ratio protein/DNA due to elevation in the protein component with molecular mass 65 kDa detected in the nonhistone fraction of electrophoretogram.

[Lipid peroxidation and the polymerase activities of liver chromatin fractions in rats during aging].

Lipids, which enter the composition of actively transcribed and repressed chromatin fractions are found to undergo a peroxidation. This process decreased with aging and more pronounced in actively transcribed chromatin fraction. A decreased activity of DNA polymerase beta and increased activity of RNA polymerase I in this chromatin fraction with aging were observed.