Ultrasound treatment of crystalline oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by sodium caseinate: Impact on emulsion stability through altered crystallization behavior in the oil globules.

Partial coalescence is a key factor contributing to the instability of crystalline oil-in-water emulsions in products like dressings and sauces, reducing shelf life. The intrinsic characteristics of semi-crystalline droplets, including solid fat content, fat crystal arrangement, and polymorphism, play a pivotal role in influencing partial coalescence, challenging prevention efforts even with emulsifiers like amphiphilic proteins. High-intensity ultrasound (HIU) has emerged as an efficient and cost-effective technology for manipulating bulk fat crystallization, thereby enhancing physical properties.

Linoelaidic acid gavage has more severe consequences on triglycerides accumulation, inflammation and intestinal microbiota in mice than elaidic acid.

This work aims to study the effects of oral gavage (0.2 mg/g body weight) of elaidic acid (C18:1-9 , EA) and linoelaidic acid (C18:2-9 ,12 , LEA) on lipid metabolism, inflammation and gut homeostasis of mice. Results showed that both EA and LEA gavage significantly increased LDL-c, TC and oxidative stress levels in the liver and serum and may stimulate liver inflammation via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway.

CO Diffusion Study and Spatial and Temporal Variation Modeling during the Construction Period of the Plateau Railroad Tunnel.

In order to investigate the diffusion law of CO gas in the vicinity of the tunnel boring face of the plateau long tunnel, to improve the efficiency of tunnel smoke exhaust, and to derive the spatial-temporal variation model of CO concentration for predicting the concentration of CO at different times and in different cross sections under specific environments, a CO diffusion model of a tunnel in Yunnan was established by using Ansys Fluent Fluid Simulation Software, and the CO transport characteristics under different conditions were simulated by taking the ventilation time, wind speed, and location of the air ducts as the influencing factors. The results show that the wind flows from the mouth of the wind pipe after the wind speed decreases, the diffusion area increases and arrives at the face of the direction of the rebound in the jet stream of new wind, and the return wind under the joint action of the vortex produced obviously, to reach the wind pipe mouth after the tunnel wind flow field, basically tends to stabilize. When the wind pipe mouth was arranged in the arch waist, 20 m away from the boring face, the inlet wind speed was 9 m/s and the ventilation time was 30 min; the CO concentration in the tunnel was reduced to below the maximum allowable concentration value.

Development of protein-polyphenol particles to stabilize high internal phase Pickering emulsions by polyphenols' structure.

Protein-polyphenol colloidal particles are promising stabilizers for high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs). However, the relationship between the structure of the polyphenols and its ability to stabilize HIPPEs has not been studied thus far. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-polyphenols (B-P) complexes were prepared, and their ability to stabilize HIPPEs was investigated.

Quality Evaluation of Hainan Robusta Coffee Bean Oil Produced by Ultrasound Coupled with Coconut Oil Extraction.

This study investigates the treatment of coconut oil using thermosonic treatment in combination with green coffee beans. Under a defined ratio of coconut oil to green coffee beans, the effect of different thermosonic time on the quality parameters, active substance content, antioxidant capacity, and thermal oxidative stability of coconut oil were investigated as a strategy to potentially improve the quality of oil. Results showed that the β-sitosterol content of CCO (coconut coffee oil) treated with the thermal method combined with green coffee bean treatment reached up to 393.

Effects of palm olein and palm stearin on cecal and fecal microbiota of C57BL/6J mice under low and high fat intakes.

This work aimed to study the effects of dietary lipid composition and content on cecal and fecal microbiota of mice fed the following diets for 8 weeks: palm olein (PO)-based low-fat diet, PO-based high-fat diet, palm stearin (PS)-based low-fat diet, and PS-based high-fat diet. Increasing the dietary PS level favored the growth of Firmicutes over Bacteroidetes in the cecum and feces. In addition, it significantly elevated the total lipid (p < 0.

Structural characterization and hypoglycaemic activity of glucomannan from Bunge.

A new polysaccharide (AABP-2B) was obtained from Bunge after purification by gradient alcohol precipitation and DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography. AABP-2B was confirmed to be a homogeneous polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 5800 Da and was composed of mannose and glucose at a molar ratio of 7.2 : 2.

Lithium Hydroxide Hydrolysis Combined with MALDI TOF Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Sphingolipid Detection.

Sphingolipids have diverse structural and bioactive functions that play important roles in many key biological processes. Factors such as low relative abundance, varied structures, and a dynamic concentration range provide a difficult analytical challenge for sphingolipid detection. To further improve mass-spectrometry-based sphingolipid analysis, lithium adduct consolidation was implemented to decrease spectral complexity and combine signal intensities, leading to increased specificity and sensitivity.

Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic features of a heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain.

This study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic features of a heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) strain Guangzhou-SauVS2 recovered from a female patient in Guangzhou, representative of southern China. The genome of Guangzhou-SauVS2 was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform and assembled de novo using Velvet v1.2.

In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Palm Olein and Palm Stearin-in-Water Emulsions with Different Physical States and Fat Contents.

The impacts of lipid physical state and content on lipid digestion behavior were investigated using 4 and 20% palm olein-in-water emulsions (4% PO and 20% PO) and 4 and 20% palm stearin-in-water emulsions (4% PS and 20% PS). The changes of lipid physical state, particle size, and microstructure during gastrointestinal digestion; the free fatty acid (FFA) released in the intestinal phase; and the fatty acid composition of micellar phases were investigated. After gastric digestion, all emulsions underwent flocculation and coalescence, with 20% PS showing the most extensive aggregation.

Addition of glyceryl monostearate affects the crystallization behavior and polymorphism of palm stearin.

Low crystallization-rate and formation of crystalline clusters makes palm stearin unpopular in fat-based products especially in their post-processing stage. Addition of emulsifiers is commonly used to overcome these drawbacks, since they are believed to induce or stabilize specific polymorphs of palm stearin. Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) was applied in palm stearin (1%, 2%, and 4% w/w) in this study, and the mechanisms on crystallization of palm stearin were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and polarized light microscopic (PLM) method.

Bacillus thuringiensis targets the host intestinal epithelial junctions for successful infection of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Pathogenic bacteria use different strategies to infect their hosts, including the simultaneous production of pore forming toxins and several virulence factors that may synergize their pathogenic effects. However, how the pathogenic bacteria are able to break out the host intestinal barrier is poorly understood. The infectious cycle of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacterium in Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful model system to study the early stages of the infection process.

Effects of magnetic fields on the enzymatic synthesis of naringin palmitate.

The effects of magnetic fields on the enzymatic synthesis of naringin palmitate were studied. Both immobilized Candida Antarctica lipase B (I-CALB) and I-CALB -amyl alcohol solution were treated with magnetic fields of 100, 300, or 500 mT for 1, 2, or 3 h. Characteristics including the initial rate and the conversion yields after 24 h of reaction with magnetized I-CALB (M-I-CALB) and magnetized I-CALB -amyl alcohol solution (M-I-CALB-S) were investigated.

Physicochemical Properties and Chemical Stability of β-Carotene Bilayer Emulsion Coated with Bovine Serum Albumin and Arabic Gum Compared to Monolayer Emulsions.

β-carotene is a lipophilic micronutrient that is considered beneficial to human health. However, there are some limitations in utilizing β-carotene in functional foods or dietary supplements currently because of its poor water dispersibility and chemical stability. A new type of β-carotene bilayer emulsion delivery system was prepared by a layer-by-layer electrostatic deposition technique, for which were chosen bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the inner emulsifier and Arabic gum (GA) as the outer emulsifier.

Effect of Selected Mercapto Flavor Compounds on Acrylamide Elimination in a Model System.

The effect of four mercapto flavor compounds (1,2-ethanedithiol, 1-butanethiol, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, and 2-furanmethanethiol) on acrylamide elimination were investigated in model systems. The obtained results showed that mercaptans assayed were effective in elimination arylamide in a model system. Their reactivities for decreasing acrylamide content depended on mercaptan's molecular structure and acrylamide disappearance decreased in the following order: 1,2-ethanedithiol > 2-methyl-3-furanthiol > 1-butanethiol > 2-furanmethanethiol.

Crystal structure of Cry6Aa: A novel nematicidal ClyA-type α-pore-forming toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis.

Crystal (Cry) proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are globally used in agriculture as proteinaceous insecticides. Numerous crystal structures have been determined, and most exhibit conserved three-dimensional architectures. Recently, we have identified a novel nematicidal mechanism by which Cry6Aa triggers cell death through a necrosis-signaling pathway via an interaction with the host protease ASP-1.

Formation of Peptide Bound Pyrraline in the Maillard Model Systems with Different Lys-Containing Dipeptides and Tripeptides.

Peptide-bound advanced glycation end-products (peptide-bound AGEs) can be formed when peptides are heated with reducing saccharides. Pyrraline is the one of most commonly studied AGEs in foods, but the relative importance of the precursor peptide structure is uncertain. In the present study, model systems were prepared by heating peptides with glucose from 60 °C to 220 °C for up to 65 min, and the amounts of peptide-bound pyrraline formed were monitored to evaluate the effect of the neighboring amino acids on the peptide-bound pyrraline formation.