Differential behavioral syndrome evoked in the rats after multiple doses of SSRI fluoxetine with selective MAO inhibitors rasagiline or selegiline.

This study investigated whether rasagiline and selegiline (MAO-B inhibitors) induce serotonin syndrome in fluoxetine-treated rats. Rats received rasagiline (0.1, 0.

Rasagiline is neuroprotective in an experimental model of brain ischemia in the rat.

The neuroprotective effects of intravenous rasagiline were investigated in a rat model of stroke. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was performed in male rats and the short- (neurological severity score [NSS], infarct size), intermediate- (cognition) and long-term (necrotic area) effects were assessed. A bolus (3 mg/kg) of rasagiline followed by a 3-h infusion (3 mg/kg/h), initiated immediately after MCA occlusion, reduced infarct size by 48.

AFM study of microstructures on the cornea of the compound eye and ocelli of the hornet Vespa orientalis (Insecta, Hymenoptera).

The present study describes a novel structure occurring on the cornea in the compound eye and the ocellus of the Oriental hornet. This description is based on observations carried out via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and primarily via atomic force microscopy (AFM). We report herein that the vespan cornea is densely covered with cupola-shaped protrusions, which in the compound eye have bases about 0.

The solar cell in hornet cuticle: nanometer to micrometer scale.

This paper focuses on structures observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy upon and within the abdominal cuticle of the Oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis. Taken together, these structures form an 'organ' whose function is the absorption ef sunlight and storage of the resultant electrical energy. In principle, this organ resembles a solar cell.

Sub-micromorphology of the epicuticle of hornets: AFM studies.

The upper part of the hornet cuticle in the abdominal region reveals several structures. First, situated at intervals of 10 microm or more apart, there are depressions housing a peripheral photoreceptor (PP) and between every two of these, there are horizontal flats resembling an irregular polygon which are mostly elongated and about 100 microm2 in area. Upon each such terrace-like flat there are tile-shaped protuberances up to several micrometres in length and mostly running parallel to one another, covering the entire surface.

Navigation and thermophotovoltaic activity by hornets at different light conditions: the influence of UVB blockers.

The aim of the present investigation was two-fold: a) to observe the homing of the Oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis (Hymenoptera, Vespinae) from different distances; and b) to study the photothermoelectric activity of hornet cuticle obtained from the subjects of goal (a) and kept frozen for a number of days prior to its testing. In both the above mentioned phases of the investigation, an attempt was made to assess how the covering of the hornets' cuticle with Ultra Violet B (UVB) blockers affects their activity as compared to the control. Flying hornets were observed to return to the nest from distances of up to 7 km, once they had learned the way back.

Hypothesis on radar sensing and communication by hornets: comments on their antennal organulles and electrical activity.

Our study shows that the antenna of the hornet is densely covered from base to tip with six types of organulles, namely, a trichoid organulle, about 23 microm in length, a campaniform organulle which is 12 microm long, a heretofore undescribed structure measuring about 9 microm in length which we have now named the Agmon organulle, a rather flattened placoid organulle measuring about 25 microm in length and not projecting on the antennal surface, and finally rounded structures about 3 microm in diameter which are indented in the cuticle and resemble extraretinal photoreceptors. All the above-mentioned structures occur in the workers and drones, and the latter also possess an additional structure, namely, the tyloid which is about 254 microm long. Such organulles as protrude from the antennal surface are mostly orientated distally and their length is about half that of similar organulles on the hornets body.

Thermal properties of hornet colonies: thermography of individual hornets and their nests and the role of the pupal silk in thermoregulation.

The present study focused on temperature assessments within a hornet nest. The measurements encompassed adult hornets, brood combs and the various stages of brood, and involved a thermographic method. Body parts of adult hornets were found to vary in their temperature, with the thorax eliciting the highest temperature and the abdomen the lowest.

Magnetic minerals. Keystone-like crystals in cells of hornet combs.

The hexagonal brood-rearing cells inside the nest combs of the hornet Vespa orientalis are uniform in both their architecture and orientation. We have discovered that each cell contains a minute crystal that projects down from the centre of its domed roof and has a composition typical of the magnetic mineral ilmenite. These tiny crystals form a network that may act like a surveyor's spirit-level, helping the hornets to assess the symmetry and balance of the cells and the direction of gravity while they are building the comb.

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) properties of hornet cuticle as dependent on relative humidity.

This paper deals with the thermophotovoltaic (TPV) properties of the cuticle of the Oriental hornet as assessed over time under different regimens of relative humidity (RH). The tests were run at two levels of RH, namely, 30% vs. 90%.

Light curtails sleep in anesthetized hornets: extraretinal light perception.

In the present study effects of light on the sleep duration of anesthetized hornets (Vespa orientalis) were investigated. Following initial anesthesia by diethyl ether the sleeping time of workers and drones at 22 degrees C in the dark was 59 +/- 15 min. After repeated anesthesia the sleeping time was 30 +/- 15 min in the dark.