The mechanisms of action of water-soluble aminohexanoic and malonic adducts of fullerene C with hexamethonium on model lipid membranes.

In an attempt to understand the possibility of applications of the fullerene-based systems for transporting various polar compounds like hexamethonium through the blood-brain barrier, we studied the influence of a series of derivatives of fullerene C in the form of salts with hexamethonium bis-anion, namely the adducts of fullerenols with 6-aminohexanoic acid (IEM-2197), and two bis-adduct malonic acid derivatives of fullerene with addents bound in two hemispheres (IEM-2143) and in equatorial positions (IEM-2144), on model membranes. We showed that IEM-2197 induced the disintegration of the bilayers composed of DOPC at the concentrations more than 2 mg/ml. IEM-2144 and IEM-2143-induced ion-permeable pores at concentrations of 0.

The biodegradation of fullerene C by myeloperoxidase.

It is shown for the first time that the mammalian enzymes can cause the degradation of the C60 fullerene molecules. This biodegradation is caused by the action of а hypochlorite generated neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase of fullerene molecule and leads to the loss of the topology of the fullerene core.

[THE COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF KAOLIN-ACTIVATED THROMBOELASTOGRAPHY IN HEALTHY NEWBORNS AND NEWBORNS WITH HEART AILMENTS].

The study was carried out to diferentiate reference values for kaolin-activated thromboelastography in newborns with congenital heart disease. The study included two groups ofpatients. The first one consisted of 62 newborns with congenital heart disease and the second one consisted of 35 healthy newborns.

Enhanced brain penetration of hexamethonium in complexes with derivatives of fullerene C60.

The present report describes development of hexamethonium complexes based on fullerene C60. Hexamethonium has a limited penetration into CNS and therefore can antagonize central effects of nicotine only when given at high doses. In the present studies conducted in laboratory rodents, intraperitoneal administration of hexamethonium-fullerene complexes blocked effects of nicotine (convulsions and locomotor stimulation).

[Effect of different water-soluble forms of the fullerene C60 on the metabolic activity and ultra-structure of cells in culture].

In view of contradictory data on the toxicity of fullerenes for live organisms we studied the effect of water-soluble complexes of C60 with N-polyvivyl-pirrolidone (C60/PVP) and gamma-cyclodextrine (C60/gamma-CD) on MA-104 cells in culture. Both complexes proved to be non-toxic for cultured cells in the dark in wide range of concentrations. Both complexes provoke changes of cellular ultra-structure which reflect the enhancement of metabolic activity.

[Effect of polymer carrier origin and physical state on fullerene C60 phototoxicity in vitro].

Biological effects of water-soluble inclusion complexes of fullerene C60 with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (C60/PVP) and gamma-cyclodextrin (C60/g-CD) as well as solid C60 (C60-coated surface) on cell viability have been studied in vitro. It is established that both inclusion complexes (in a broad range of concentrations) and solid fullerene coatings are nontoxic in the dark for the cell of all lines tested. In contrast, under intense UV illumination, the C60/PVP complex reliably protected test cells from the UV radiation damage, whereas the C60/g-CD and fullerene-coated surface exhibited pronounced phototoxicity.

[The study of markers of herpes virus infections in myocardial ischemia].

A group of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), who underwent surgical aorta-coronary vascular shunting, was examined in this investigation. Low titers of HSV-1 specific IgG were detected in all patients, the obtained values being consistent with similar data obtained in healthy subjects of the same age. Negative PCR of HSV-I DNA in blood and biopsy results were obtained.

[Prediction of the outcomes of renal replacement therapy for acute renal failure after cardiosurgical interventions].

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different predictors on the outcomes of acute renal failure (ARF) in cardiosurgical patients. A hundred and five cases of ARF in January 1995 to August 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty-one patients received continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and 44 patients had intermittent RRT (IRRT).

[Study of herpes viruses in the blood of patients with cardiovascular pathology].

The association between Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes simplex (HSV-1), on the one hand, and the coronary heart disease and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), on the other hand, was studied; besides the infection rate by the above viruses in different age groups of donors was examined. The following methods--immune-enzyme analysis and detection of viral DNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as immune-fluorescence scanning of atherosclerotic plaques--were made use in the study. The pathogenesis of coronary heart disease was shown to be related with the viral contamination caused by CMV, while there was no such correlation between the former and the CVI patients.

[Disbiotic conditions in patients operated and reoperated for heart defects and ischemic heart disease].

Bacteriological examination of angiocardiac system, biocenosis of the intestine and upper respiratory tracts was made in 3473 patients who were to be operated or reoperated for congenital or acquired valvular defects in the presence of chroniosepsis and chronic septic endocarditis, complicated IHD. 375 patients with other diseases served control. 74 of them have undergone surgery for varicose veins of the legs.

[State of the hypophyseal-adrenal system during surgical correction of heart defects under various anesthesiological methods and at distant periods after surgery].

The concentration of 11-HOCS in the blood plasma was measured in 278 patients with heart diseases operated on under various anesthesias at different stages of surgical correction of the defects and in the immediate postoperative period. Plasma ACTH level was measured in 137 of these operated on under deep hypothermia and hypothermal perfusion. The hormonal response was the most expressed in patients operated on under normothermia, whereas in patients exposed to hypothermia the reaction was minimal.

[The suturing, plastic repair, prosthesis and autoplasty of defects in the interventricular septum without artificial circulation].

The authors have made an analysis of 1500 operations using a unique technology of closure without perfusion of the interventricular septum defects of the heart under conditions of hypothermia. Lethality was 1.7%, frequency of recanalization of the defects was 0.

[The state of the hypophyseal-adrenal system during surgical correction of heart diseases under conditions of different anesthesia and in distant periods after surgery].

Blood plasma levels of 11-HOCS were measured in 278 patients with heart diseases operated on under different anesthesia at various stages of surgical correction of the diseases and during the immediate postoperative period. Blood plasma ACTH levels were measured in 137 patients operated on under deep hypothermal protection and hypothermal perfusion. The most manifest hormonal response was observed during surgery under normothermia, whereas under conditions of hypothermal perfusion the reaction to intervention was the minimal.

[The ultrastructural characteristics of specific endothelial granules in the myocardial microvessels in congenital heart defects].

Specific granules in endothelium of microvessels of the right atrium were studied in 15 patients with congenital heart diseases (Fallot tetrad, defect of interventricular septum and aortal stenosis) aged from 3 to 11 by electron microscopy 2 morphological types of granules, varying in optic density-dark and light ones, were found in all observations. Great number of the light granules young forms was also discovered. Maturity of the latter is associated with the increase of number and density of localisation of tubular structures in the granule matrix.

[The surgical treatment of catheter-related cardiac and vascular embolisms].

Basing on the experience of the surgical treatment of 15 patients with catheteric embolism of the heart and vessels the authors concluded that septic occurrence in given patient category requires urgent operative intervention. In catheteric heart embolism in patients with heart defects surgical interventions may be performed in nonperfusing deep (28-25 degrees C) hypothermal protection, permitting simultaneous removal of heart foreign body and to correlate heart defects not requiring continuous circulation control.

[Characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism regulation during correction of congenital heart defects and hypothermic protection without perfusion].

Carbohydrate metabolism and insulin status have been studied in 89 patients with congenital heart valve defects operated on in conditions of profound perfusion-free hypothermic protection. It has been established that anesthesia, hypothermia, and surgical trauma are accompanied by hyperinsulinemia, which had nothing to do with the introduction of exogenic hormone. Insulin effect is attenuated and insulin resistance develops, which leads to a drop not only in glucose consumption but also in the consumption of glycolysis products.

[Hormonal regulation during cardiac surgery operations on the "dry" heart].

Central and peripheral compartments of hypophyseo-adrenal regulation, the state of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and thyroid-stimulating functions of hypophysis have been assessed in 72 patients with heart valve defects operated under profound hypothermal perfusion. It has been established that cardiopulmonary bypass surgery with profound hypothermia is accompanied by moderate and reversible changes in the above parameters. The activity of hypophyseo-adrenal system and RAAS reaches the maximum during a warming-up period and then gradually decreases.

Deep hypothermia without extracorporeal circulation in surgery of congenital cardiac defects.

Operations on the open heart under perfusionless deep hypothermia were performed in 3,141 patients with congenital cardiac defects. The patients ages ranged from 3 months to 44 years. The body was cooled to 26-24 degrees C by covering with crushed ice.

Serum corticosteroid-binding globulin levels in children undergoing heart surgery.

Serum corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) levels were measured in children (mean age 4 years) during heart surgery. Considerable decrease in CBG level occurred between baseline examination (416 +/- 39 nM) and the day of surgery (314 +/- 30 nM). Relatively simple closed heart surgery did not influence CBG level with maximal cortisol level being 20 +/- 4 micrograms/dl.

[A procedure for compensating for the blood loss in heart operations under hypothermia without perfusion].

It was established that compensation of blood loss in patients during hypothermal occlusion facilitates more rapid restoration of cardiac activity and adequate hemodynamics, which allowed to reduce administration of alpha-adrenomimetic drugs during the postocclusive periods. Simultaneously the period of the recovery of electric activity of the brain becomes shorter, the postoperative respiration rate is slower. Cardiac insufficiency and neurological complications are rarer.

[The sequelae and late results of surgical treatment in wounds of the heart and pericardium].

An examination of 109 patients after surgical treatment of wounds of the heart and pericardium were performed at late terms after treatment. It was found that good results had 53.2% of the patients, 12.