Permanent makeup: A review of its technique, regulation, and complications.

Permanent makeup (PMU) is a popular form of tattooing used to replace or enhance the use of daily makeup. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of PMU, with a particular focus on its use, regulation, and potential complications reported in the literature. In the United States, there is significant variation in the regulation and training required to perform PMU.

Identification of the pigments used in permanent makeup and their ability to elicit allergic contact dermatitis.

Background: Decorative tattoos are known to contain ingredients that may elicit allergic contact dermatitis; it is less well-known if permanent makeup pigments carry the same risk.

Objective: Identify pigments used in permanent makeup inks sold in the United States and review cases of allergic contact dermatitis to these pigments.

Methods: Using internet searches, permanent makeup inks sold in the United States were identified.

Chest Wall Dermatitis Patterns Following Thoracoscopic Intercostal Nerve Cryoablation for Surgical Correction of Pectus Excavatum.

Background: Intercostal nerve cryoablation (INC) has been shown to reduce postoperative pain and length of stay following surgical correction of pectus excavatum (SCOPE). Some patients have developed chest wall dermatological symptoms after INC that can be mistaken for metal allergy or infection. The purpose of this study is to report the symptoms, severity, incidence, and treatment of post-cryoablation dermatitis.

Assessment of Contact Allergens in "Hypoallergenic" Athletic Shoes by Mass Spectrometry.

Identification of athletic shoes for patients with contact allergy is difficult. Company reports of allergen content are often incorrect. To determine whether chemical analysis of 4 athletic shoes, previously reported to be free of the most common contact allergens, contain quantifiable allergen levels.

Machine learning identification of patient clusters for cutaneous melanoma.

Background: Cutaneous melanoma is a cancer arising in melanocyte skin cells and is the deadliest form of skin cancer worldwide. Although some risk factors are known, accurate prediction of disease progression and probability for metastasis are difficult to ascertain, given the complexity of the disease and the absence of reliable predictive markers. Since early detection and treatment are essential to enhance survival, this study utilizing machine learning (ML) aims to further delineate additional risk factors associated with cutaneous melanoma.

An Analysis of the Content and Recommendations of 700 American Tattoo Aftercare Instructions.

Background: Tattoo aftercare instructions describe how to care for a new tattoo. Unfortunately, tattoo artists often base their advice on personal experience rather than best practices in medical wound management. The diversity of recommendations in these instructions is currently unknown.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Sexual and Gender Minority Patients: Disparities and a Call to Action.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) patients face health issues relevant to dermatologists, such as allergic contact dermatitis (ACD); however, there is a lack of information surrounding common allergens causing ACD that disproportionally affect SGM patients. Covidence, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant articles studying ACD in the SGM population. Common allergens associated with ACD in SGM patients include nitrates, fragrance mix, methylisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone-methylchloroisothiazolinone, topical antibiotics, and allergens seen in chest binders.

Rate of Patch Testing Induced Anaphylaxis.

Although allergic contact dermatitis is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, type I hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, have been reported during patch testing. The aim of this study was to identify reported cases of anaphylaxis from patch testing and estimate its rate. A literature review was conducted on PubMed to identify previously reported cases of anaphylaxis after patch testing and suspected allergens.

Differences in the demographics, incidence, and survival of palmar and plantar acral melanoma: a population-based study.

Acral melanoma (AM) has the worst prognosis of all cutaneous malignant melanomas (CMM). Differences between palmar and plantar tumors have not been well characterized at the population level. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in demographics, incidence, and survival between palmar and plantar AM.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Sexual and Gender Minority Patients: Disparities and a Call to Action.

Objectives: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) patients face health issues relevant to dermatologists, such as allergic contact dermatitis (ACD); however, there is a lack of information surrounding common allergens causing ACD that disproportionally affect SGM patients.

Methods: Covidence, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant articles studying ACD in the SGM population.

Results: Common allergens associated with ACD in SGM patients include nitrates, fragrance mix, methylisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone-methylchloroisothiazolinone, topical antibiotics, and allergens seen in chest binders.