Longer-term primary prevention for alcohol misuse in young people: a systematic review.

Objective: To identify and summarize rigorous evaluations of psychosocial and educational interventions aimed at the primary prevention of alcohol misuse by young people aged up to 25 years, especially over the longer term (>3 years).

Methods: Cochrane Collaboration Systematic Review.

Data Sources: A comprehensive search of 22 databases and recursive checking of bibliographies for randomized and non-randomized controlled trials and interrupted time-series studies.

Primary prevention for alcohol misuse in young people.

Background: Alcohol misuse is a cause of concern for health services, policy makers, prevention workers, the criminal justice system, youth workers, teachers and parents.

Objectives: 1. To identify and summarize rigorous evaluations of psychosocial and educational interventions aimed at the primary prevention of alcohol misuse by young people.

False-negative results in screening programs. Medical, psychological, and other implications.

Objectives: Assessment of the appropriateness of screening programs involves consideration of the harms as well as the benefits. These harms include the risk of false-negative results, the consequences of which have remained underinvestigated. This paper reports the results of a systematic literature review that aimed to assess the medical psychological, economic, and legal consequences of false-negative results in national screening programs.

A systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to promote the initiation of breastfeeding.

Background: Human breastmilk provides complete nutrition for infants and helps protect against certain childhood diseases. Despite this, rates of initiation of breastfeeding in the UK remain low relative to other countries. In 'Our healthier nation' action report, the government has highlighted the promotion of breastfeeding in order to assist improvements in health and to reduce the health inequalities of mothers and children in the UK.

A rapid and systematic review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the taxanes used in the treatment of advanced breast and ovarian cancer.

SECOND-LINE TREATMENT, PACLITAXEL (MEDIAN PROGRESSION-FREE SURVIVAL): The median progression-free survival in the paclitaxel arm was 3.5 months. This was significantly longer than the mitomycin control arm (1.

False-negative results in screening programmes: systematic review of impact and implications.

Background: When assessing whether a screening programme is appropriate, there is a particular obligation to ensure that the harms as well as the benefits are considered. Among these harms is the likelihood that false-negative results will occur. In some cases, the consequences of these can be difficult to assess, although false reassurance leading to diagnostic delay and subsequent treatment has been suggested.

Alcohol misuse prevention for young people: a systematic review reveals methodological concerns and lack of reliable evidence of effectiveness.

In a systematic review we assessed the methodological quality of evaluations of alcohol misuse prevention programmes for young people, and recorded evidence of effectiveness. Studies were identified through systematic searches of electronic databases; hand searches of all obtained papers, existing reviews and several journals; and mailshots to key organizations, conferences and individuals. Relevant papers were checked and cross-checked by members of the review team, and only those studies with an experimental or quasi-experimental design and positive attributes on a number of other quality criteria were included in the review.

Teenage drinking: a 4-year comparative study.

Two adolescent drinking surveys carried out within 4 years in the same region of the UK were compared on three aspects of drinking behaviour. The results showed that there was a higher proportion of non-drinkers in 1992 as compared with 1988 for males aged 11-15 and females aged 11-13; more 11-13 year-old females in 1992 reported their home as the location of their first alcoholic drink without their parents; and younger boys were less likely, in 1992, to report ever being drunk. The relative increase in the proportion of non-drinking adolescents is in line with similar recent trends in national sample surveys of young adults.