7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probabilistic Tractography-Based Evidence of Decussation of the Fibers Between the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and the Primary Visual Area.

Background: Geniculocalcarine fibers are thought to be exclusively ipsilateral. However, recent findings challenged this belief, revealing bilateral recruiting responses in occipitotemporoparietal regions upon unilateral stimulation of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in humans. This raised the intriguing possibility of bilateral projections to primary visual areas (V1).

A new strategy for treating drug-resistant focal aware seizures: thalamic specific nuclei deep brain stimulation. Illustrative case.

Background: Focal aware seizures (FASs) are relatively common and frequently pharmaco-resistant. If the seizure onset zone (SOZ) is in eloquent cortical areas, making resective surgery risky and inadvisable, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus, which is efficacious in less than half of the cases, has been the main alternative. New targets should be searched to address this deficiency.

Bilateral Globus Pallidus Externus Deep Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Refractory Tourette Syndrome: An Open Clinical Trial.

Objectives: We have previously proposed that Tourette syndrome (TS) is the clinical expression of the hyperactivity of globus pallidus externus (GPe) and various cortical areas. This study was designed to test this hypothesis by verifying the efficacy and safety of bilateral GPe deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treating refractory TS.

Materials And Methods: In this open clinical trial, 13 patients were operated on.

Ventral intermediate nucleus deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant focal aware motor seizures: illustrative case.

Background: Resection of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) is considered the gold standard for treating refractory focal aware seizures (FASs). When resective surgery is unadvisable, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT; ANT-DBS) has been the procedure of choice. However, less than half of patients with FASs respond to ANT-DBS.

Endoscopic endonasal approach for isolated subarachnoid neurocysticercosis in basal cisterns and its complications: illustrative case.

Background: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an infectious parasitic disease in which humans are the middle host in the life cycle of Taenia solium. It is currently considered to be a neglected tropical disease. According to their location, cysts can cause epilepsy, hydrocephalus, arachnoiditis, and intracranial hypertension.

Indicators of correct targeting in stereotactic biopsy of intracranial lesions.

Background: Confirmation of whether a stereotactic biopsy was performed in the correct site is usually dependent on the frozen section or on novel tumor-specific markers that are not widely available. Immediate postoperative computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) is routinely performed in our service after biopsy. In this retrospective study, we have carefully analyzed these images in an attempt to determine the presence of markers that indicate appropriate targeting.

The impact of subcaudate tractotomy on delusions and hallucinations in psychotic patients.

Background: Delusions and hallucinations, hallmarks of the psychotic disorders, usually do not respond to surgical intervention. For many years, the surgical technique of choice for the treatment of refractory aggressiveness in psychotic patients in our Service was amygdalotomy in isolation or associated with anterior cingulotomy. No improvement of hallucinations and delusions was noticed in any of these patients.

Tectocerebellar dysraphia and occipital encephalocele associated with trisomy X: case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Tectocerebellar dysraphia (TCD) is a rare sporadic malformation associated with severe neurodevelopmental morbidity and high infant mortality. The presence of other ciliopathies worsens the prognosis. Joubert syndrome (JS) is a ciliopathy associated with gene mutations, consisting of midbrain and cerebellum malformations, markedly lack fiber decussation at the level of the pontomesencephalic junction.