Immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin in metastatic brain tumors.

The adhesion molecule E-cadherin has been shown to influence malignant transformation of tumors, including local and distant metastases. We examined the expression of E-cadherin to determine its relationship to the development of metastasis in metastatic brain tumors. Immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin and Ki-67 was carried out in 76 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival specimens of metastatic brain tumors and in 14 corresponding available primary tumors from patients who received treatment for metastatic brain tumors.

[Local immunotherapy].

Specific immunotherapy, together with avoidance of the allergen and symptomatic treatment, forms part of the treatment of allergic pathology. The oldest, best known and most studied form is subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), whose efficacy, both in the short and the long term, has been widely demonstrated in numerous studies. However, in spite of having been shown to be safe, it is not free of adverse effects and must be administered under the supervision of medical personnel.

[Perspectives in the treatment of allergy to latex: immunotherapy].

At present, allergy to latex is an important problem due to the severity of the symptomatology that it produces and the risk groups involved. Complete avoidance of latex is practically impossible, which is why in recent years there has been intense work on standardizing an extract in order not only to improve its clinical diagnosis but also to be able to offer a therapeutic alternative other than avoidance, such as immunotherapy. Since 1998, timely approaches to immunotherapy with latex have been published, with oral desensitization (three patients), subcutaneous (one patient) and sublingual (one patient).

[Latex allergy. Clinical manifestations in the general population and reactivity crossed with foodstuffs].

Because of widespread latex manufacturing in the last decades, latex allergy has become an important clinical problem, not only in high-risk groups (health-workers) but also among the general population. Latex is used to produce a large variety of natural rubber products (medical equipment, household gloves, condoms, balls and balloons, footwear, baby pacifiers..

[Allergy to Anisakis simplex].

Anisakis simplex is a parasite, belonging to the Anisakidae family. The life cycle of the parasite can include one or more intermediary hosts, their final hosts being marine mammals or large fish, in which the larvae develop until the adult stage is reached. Man is an accidental host who acquires the larvae by eating raw or undercooked fish.

[Food allergy in the XXI century].

Food allergy is a clinical state of high frequency and possible risk to life. This article reviews the foodstuffs most often responsible for serious reactions, including data from the Autonomous Community of Navarre. Given that dietetic elimination is the primordial long term treatment for food allergy, its difficulties, limitations and risks are analyzed.

Adverse childhood experiences and self-reported liver disease: new insights into the causal pathway.

Objective: To examine the relationship of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including abuse, neglect, and forms of household dysfunction, to the risk of liver disease by assessing the role of risk behaviors, such as substance abuse and high-risk sexual activity, as mediators of the ACEs-liver disease relationship.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study data were collected from 17 337 adult health plan members through a survey. Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, race, and education was used to estimate the strength of the ACEs-liver disease relationship and the impact of the mediators in this relationship.

The impact of adverse childhood experiences on health problems: evidence from four birth cohorts dating back to 1900.

Background: We examined the relationship of the number of adverse childhood experiences (ACE score) to six health problems among four successive birth cohorts dating back to 1900 to assess the strength and consistency of these relationships in face of secular influences the 20th century brought in changing health behaviors and conditions. We hypothesized that the ACE score/health problem relationship would be relatively "immune" to secular influences, in support of recent studies documenting the negative neurobiologic effects of childhood stressors on the developing brain.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 17,337 adult health maintenance organization (HMO) members who completed a survey about childhood abuse and household dysfunction, as well as their health.

Relationship between multiple forms of childhood maltreatment and adult mental health in community respondents: results from the adverse childhood experiences study.

Objective: This study examined the prevalence of a history of various combinations of childhood maltreatment types (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and witnessing of maternal battering) among adult members of a health maintenance organization (HMO) and explored the relationship with adult mental health of the combinations of types of childhood maltreatment and emotional abuse in the childhood family environment.

Method: A total of 8,667 adult members of an HMO completed measures of childhood exposure to family dysfunction, which included items on physical and sexual abuse, witnessing of maternal battering, and emotional abuse in the childhood family environment. The adults' current mental health was assessed by using the mental health scale of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey.

A rare case of multiple lymphomatous polyposis with widespread involvement of the gastrointestinal tract.

Multiple lymphomatous polyposis (MLP) is an uncommon type of primary non-Hodgkin gastrointestinal (GI) B-cell lymphoma characterized by the presence of multiple polyps along the GI tract. Malignant cells of MLP have mantle cell characteristics and thus are considered to be the counterpart of the mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in the GI tract. Since 1961, no more than 70 well-documented cases have been published.

The relationship of exposure to childhood sexual abuse to other forms of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction during childhood.

Objective: This study assesses the relationship of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) to nine other categories of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), including childhood abuse, neglect, and multiple types of household dysfunction.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study data were collected from 17,337 adult health plan members who responded to a survey questionnaire. Regression models adjusted for age, race, and education were used to estimate the strength of the association of CSA to each of the other nine ACEs and a graded relationship between measures of the severity of CSA and the number of other ACEs (ACE score).

Disseminated encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in a Mexican kidney transplant recipient.

Background: No cases of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection have been reported in transplant patients.

Methods: A 42-year-old man received a renal transplant 8 months earlier because of terminal glomerulonephritis and was admitted with cough, fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and colon wall thickening. While under rapamycin (2 g/day), cyclosporine A (4.

Relationship between expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, glutathione-S-transferase pi in glioblastoma and the survival of the patients treated with nimustine hydrochloride: an immunohistochemical analysis.

Drug resistance is one of the important factors that determine tumor response to chemotherapy. Several candidates for resistance to various chemotherapeutic agents have been elucidated. O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes methylation damage induced by nitrosourea from the O6 position of DNA guanines before cell injury.

Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: the adverse childhood experiences study.

Objective: Illicit drug use is identified in Healthy People 2010 as a leading health indicator because it is associated with multiple deleterious health outcomes, such as sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, viral hepatitis, and numerous social problems among adolescents and adults. Improved understanding of the influence of stressful or traumatic childhood experiences on initiation and development of drug abuse is needed.

Methods: We examined the relationship between illicit drug use and 10 categories of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and total number of ACEs (ACE score).

Adverse childhood experiences and personal alcohol abuse as an adult.

Adult alcohol abuse has been linked to childhood abuse and family dysfunction. However, little information is available about the contribution of multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in combination with parental alcohol abuse, to the risk of later alcohol abuse. A questionnaire about childhood abuse, parental alcoholism and family dysfunction while growing up was completed by adult HMO members in order to retrospectively assess the independent relationship of eight ACEs to the risk of adult alcohol abuse.

In vitro culture of Borrelia garinii results in loss of flagella and decreased invasiveness.

A virulent, low-passage culture of a tick-derived strain of Borrelia garinii was subjected to serial in vitro passages, from which inoculations were made into C3H/HeN mice. A full display of pathogenicity was observed through passage 4, as measured by cultures of ear punch biopsy samples and internal organs and determination of tibiotarsal joint swelling. Decreased dissemination through skin and infection of internal organs were observed beginning at passage 6.

Body weight and obesity in adults and self-reported abuse in childhood.

Background: Little is known about childhood factors and adult obesity. A previous study found a strong association between childhood neglect and obesity in young adults.

Objective: To estimate associations between self-reported abuse in childhood (sexual, verbal, fear of physical abuse and physical) adult body weight, and risk of obesity.

Adverse childhood experiences and risk of paternity in teen pregnancy.

Objective: Few studies have investigated risk factors that predispose males to be involved in teen pregnancies. To provide new information on such factors, we examined the relationships of eight common adverse childhood experiences to a male's risk of impregnating a teenager.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using questionnaire responses from 7399 men who visited a primary care clinic of a large health maintenance organization in California.

Exposure to abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction among adults who witnessed intimate partner violence as children: implications for health and social services.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) damages a woman's physical and mental well-being, and indicates that her children are likely to experience abuse, neglect and other traumatic experiences. Adult HMO members completed a questionnaire about adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) including childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. We used their responses to retrospectively assess the relationship between witnessing intimate partner violence and experiencing any of the 9 ACEs and multiple ACEs (ACE score).

[Treatment perspectives: immunotherapy with latex].

Latex allergy currently constitutes a serious problem because of the severity of its symptoms and the at-risk groups it affects. Since complete avoidance of this substance is practically impossible, in the last few years intense efforts have been made to standardize a latex extract with the aim not only of improving clinical diagnosis but also of being able to offer other therapeutic alternatives, such as specific immunotherapy.Since 1998, reports of immunotherapy with oral (three patients) subcutaneous (one patient) and sublingual latex desensitization (one patient) have been published.

Distribution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks from the Basque Country, Spain.

Borrelia burgdorferi was found widespread in ixodid ticks from the Basque Country (Spain) during a two-step study. In the first part, a total of 7,835 ixodids of eight different species was collected from vegetation, classified, and processed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of B. burgdorferi ospA DNA.