Robotic Laser Tissue Soldering for Atraumatic Soft Tissue Fusion Guided by Fluorescent Nanothermometry.

Minimally invasive surgical techniques, including endoscopic and robotic procedures, continue to revolutionize patient care, for their ability to minimize surgical trauma, thus promoting faster recovery and reduced hospital stays. Yet, the suturing of soft tissues ensuring damage-free tissue bonding during these procedures remains challenging due to missing haptics and the fulcrum effect. Laser tissue soldering has potential in overcoming these issues, offering atraumatic seamless tissue fusion.

Prognostic assessment of T-cells in primary colorectal cancer and paired synchronous or metachronous liver metastasis.

Prognostic value of T-cells between primary colorectal cancer (pCRC) and its paired synchronous and metachronous liver metastasis (LM) is underinvestigated and is the subject of the present study. We enrolled into this retrospective cohort study patients, who underwent resection of both pCRC and synchronous LM (N = 55) or metachronous LM (N = 44). After immunohistochemical staining for CD3+, CD8+, and CD45R0+ whole slides were scanned and T-cell densities were quantified using QuPath software in tumor center (TC), inner margin (IM), outer margin (OM), and peritumor zone (PT) of pCRC and LM.

Anatomical biliary reconstruction as an ultimum refugium for selective cases-History and current state of knowledge.

Reconstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts is a staple procedure of HPB surgery. The current standard for most cases is a nonanatomical bilioenteric reconstruction, a satisfactory option for the majority of patients. However, it cannot be used for a small number of selective cases (short bowel syndrome, severe abdominal adhesions), where an anatomical reconstruction with or without an interponate can be used.

Survival improvements in esophageal and gastric cancers in the Nordic countries favor younger patients.

Esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC) are fatal cancers with a relatively late age of onset. Age is a negative risk factor for survival in many cancers and our aim was to analyze age-specific survival in EC and GC using the recently updated NORDCAN database. NORDCAN data originate from the Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish nationwide cancer registries covering years 1972 through 2021 inviting for comparison of 50-year survival trends between the countries.

Targeted panel sequencing of pharmacogenes and oncodrivers in colorectal cancer patients reveals genes with prognostic significance.

Background: Colorectal cancer is still the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and thus biomarkers allowing prediction of the resistance of patients to therapy and estimating their prognosis are needed. We designed a panel of 558 genes with pharmacogenomics records related to 5-fluorouracil resistance, genes important for sensitivity to other frequently used drugs, major oncodrivers, and actionable genes. We performed a target enrichment sequencing of DNA from tumors and matched blood samples of patients, and compared the results with patient prognosis stratified by systemic adjuvant chemotherapy.

Small nucleolar RNA expression profiles: A potential prognostic biomarker for non-viral Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a challenging cancer with high mortality rates, limited predictability, and a lack of effective prognostic indicators. The relationship between small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and HCC is poorly understood. Based on the literature data, snoRNA studies were primarily focused on viral-related causes of HCC, such as Hepatitis B or C viruses (HBV or HCV).

Fecal miRNA profiles in colorectal cancers with mucinous morphology.

Diagnostic performance of molecular markers in surrogate tissues like stool may be affected by colorectal cancer (CRC) morphological heterogeneity. The mucinous histotype represents a subgroup of CRC with a peculiar molecular program and unfavorable disease progression. However, the percentage of mucinous morphology necessary to define this subtype is still a matter of debate.

Cross-species variability in lobular geometry and cytochrome P450 hepatic zonation: insights into CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4.

There is a lack of systematic research exploring cross-species variation in liver lobular geometry and zonation patterns of critical drug-metabolizing enzymes, a knowledge gap essential for translational studies. This study investigated the critical interplay between lobular geometry and key cytochrome P450 (CYP) zonation in four species: mouse, rat, pig, and human. We developed an automated pipeline based on whole slide images (WSI) of hematoxylin-eosin-stained liver sections and immunohistochemistry.

Emerging role of circulating cell-free RNA as a non-invasive biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe neoplastic disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. HCC is often detected at advanced stages leading to ineffective curative treatments. Recently, liquid biopsy has emerged as a non-invasive method to identify highly specific HCC biomarkers in bodily fluids such as blood, serum, urine, and saliva.

Early Detection and Monitoring of Anastomotic Leaks via Naked Eye-Readable, Non-Electronic Macromolecular Network Sensors.

Anastomotic leakage (AL) is the leaking of non-sterile gastrointestinal contents into a patient's abdominal cavity. AL is one of the most dreaded complications following gastrointestinal surgery, with mortality rates reaching up to 27%. The current diagnostic methods for anastomotic leaks are limited in sensitivity and specificity.

Mast Cells in the Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Confer Favorable Prognosis: A Retrospective Study using QuPath Image Analysis Software.

The insights provided by in-situ detection of immune cells within hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) might present information on patient outcomes. Studies investigating the expression and localization of immune cells within tumor tissues are associated with several challenges, including a lack of precise annotation for tumor regions and random selection of microscopic fields of view. QuPath is an open-source, user-friendly software that could meet the growing need for digital pathology in whole-slide image (WSI) analysis.

Major improvement in thyroid cancer survival of elderly patients in the Nordic countries.

Objectives: We describe age-specific survival in thyroid cancer (TC) from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden over a 50-year period.

Design: Population-based survival study.

Methods: Relative 5-year survival data were obtained from the NORDCAN database for the years 1972-2021.

Reversible Mechanical Contraception and Endometriosis Treatment Using Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels.

Female sterilization via fallopian tube ligation is a common procedure; However, after the operation, over 10% of women seek re-fertilization, which is frequently unsuccessful. In addition, there is evidence that fallopian tubes contribute to the spread of endometriotic tissue as they serve as channels for proinflammatory media entering the abdominal cavity via retrograde menstruation. Here, stimuli-degradable hydrogel implants are presented for the functional, biocompatible, and reversible occlusion of fallopian tubes.

Prognostic role of macrophages and mast cells in the microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection.

Background: The prognostic significance of mast cells and different phenotypes of macrophages in the microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following resection is unclear. We aimed in this study to assess the local distribution of infiltrating macrophages and mast cells of specific phenotypes in tissues of HCC and to evaluate their prognostic values for survival of post-surgical patients.

Methods: The clinicopathological and follow-up data of 70 patients with HCC, who underwent curative resection of tumor from 1997 to 2019, were collected.

Concomitant antihypertensive medication and outcome of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate.

Background: The introduction of novel hormonal therapies represented by enzalutamide (ENZ) and abiraterone acetate (ABI) has reached a great progress in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The majority of mCRPC patients are elderly suffering from chronic co-morbidities requiring use of various concomitant medications. In the present study, we focused on impact of concomitant antihypertensive medication on the outcomes of mCRPC patients treated with ENZ or ABI.

Prognostic potential of whole exome sequencing in the clinical management of metachronous colorectal cancer liver metastases.

Background: Colorectal cancer is a highly prevalent and deadly. The most common metastatic site is the liver. We performed a whole exome sequencing analysis of a series of metachronous colorectal cancer liver metastases (mCLM) and matched non-malignant liver tissues to investigate the genomic profile of mCLM and explore associations with the patients' prognosis and therapeutic modalities.

Evaluation of human papillomavirus DNA in colorectal cancer and adjacent mucosal tissue samples.

Background: Although the role of viral agents, such as human papillomavirus (e.g. HPV16, HPV18) in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been previously investigated, results remain inconclusive.

Large-Scale Development of Antibacterial Scaffolds: Gentamicin Sulfate-Loaded Biodegradable Nanofibers for Gastrointestinal Applications.

The ever-increasing demands of modern medicine drive the development of novel drug delivery materials. In particular, nanofibers are promising for such materials due to their favorable properties. However, most development is still carried out through laboratory techniques that do not allow extensive and reproducible characterization of materials, which slows medical research.

Protein expression and localization of ABC transporters in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Prognostic role of ABCC8.

Background: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters translocate various substances across cellular membranes. Their deregulation may cause cancer drug resistance or perturbations in the supply of building blocks for cancer cells and modify patients' prognosis. This study investigated protein expression and cellular localization of the previously suggested putative prognostic biomarkers - ABCB2/TAP1, ABCC7/CFTR, ABCC8/SUR1, and ABCD4 in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Periphery of porcine hepatic lobes has the smallest length density of hepatic sinusoids and bile canaliculi: A stereological histological study with implications for liver biopsies.

Background: Porcine liver is widely used in hepatologic research as a large animal model with many anatomical and physiological similarities with humans. However, only limited information on porcine liver spatial microstructure has been published, especially regarding the hepatic sinusoids and bile canaliculi. The aim of our study was to quantify the sinusoidal and bile canalicular network in healthy male and female porcine livers and to map the variability of these structures with heterogenous distribution to improve the evaluability of liver biopsy samples.

Nanothermometry-Enabled Intelligent Laser Tissue Soldering.

While often life-saving, surgical resectioning of diseased tissues puts patients at risk for post-operative complications. Sutures and staples are well-accepted and routinely used to reconnect tissues, however, their mechanical mismatch with biological soft tissue and invasiveness contribute to wound healing complications, infections, and post-operative fluid leakage. In principle, laser tissue soldering offers an attractive, minimally-invasive alternative for seamless soft tissue fusion.

Population-Attributable Fractions of Personal Comorbidities for Liver, Gallbladder, and Bile Duct Cancers.

Background: We aim to estimate population-attributable fractions (PAF) for 13 comorbidities potentially predisposing to hepatobiliary cancer of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gallbladder cancer (GBC), cancers of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts (ICC and ECC), and ampullary cancer.

Methods: Patients were identified from the Swedish Inpatient Register from 1987 to 2018 and cancers from the Swedish Cancer Registry from 1997 through 2018. PAFs were calculated for each comorbidity-associated cancer using a cohort study design.