Rhipicephalus sanguineus salivary gland extract as a source of immunomodulatory molecules.

Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.), popularly known as 'brown dog tick', is the primary vector of pathogens affecting dogs worldwide.

Immunomodulatory and morphophysiological effects of Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l. (Acari: Ixodidae) salivary gland extracts.

Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l. is popularly known as the "brown dog tick" since dogs are its preferential hosts, but the species has been reported to parasitize other mammals, including humans, with significant medical-veterinary importance since it transmits several important pathogenic agents during the feeding period.

Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells on Transplantation: Immunotherapy Based on Second Signal Blockage.

Dendritic cells (DCs), the most important professional antigen-presenting cells (APC), play crucial role in both immunity and tolerance. It is well known that DCs are able to mount immune responses against foreign antigens and simultaneously tolerate self-antigens. Since DCs can be modulated depending on the surrounding microenvironment, they can act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview of Immune Mechanisms and Biological Treatments.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract associated with an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the most widely known types of IBD and have been the focus of attention due to their increasing incidence. Recent studies have pointed out genes associated with IBD susceptibility that, together with environment factors, may contribute to the outcome of the disease.