Properties Linked to the Selection of New Biotherapeutics.

Dysbiotic microbiota is often associated with health issues including inflammatory bowel disease or ulcerative colitis. In order to counterbalance host disorder caused by an alteration in the gut composition, numerous studies have focused on identifying new biotherapeutic products (NBPs). Among the promising NBPs is , a gut microbiota member part of the core microbiome that recently has received much attention due to the numerous beneficial properties it brings to its host.

In Silico Study of Cell Surface Structures of Involved in Its Maintenance within the Gut Microbiota.

The health-promoting , which is part of the core microbiome, has recently received a lot of attention, showing beneficial properties for its host and potential as a new biotherapeutic product. However, no study has yet investigated the cell surface molecules and structures of that allow its maintenance within the gut microbiota. Moreover, although is strongly recognized as an intestinal commensal species with benefits for its host, several works displayed controversial results, showing it as an opportunistic pathogen.

Surface Properties of and Impacts of Stress-Induced Molecules on Its Surface Adhesion and Biofilm Formation Capacities.

The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem whose balance and homeostasis are essential to the host's well-being and whose composition can be critically affected by various factors, including host stress. causes well-known beneficial roles for its host, but is negatively impacted by stress. However, the mechanisms explaining its maintenance in the gut have not yet been explored, in particular its capacities to adhere onto (bio)surfaces, form biofilms and the way its physicochemical surface properties are affected by stressing conditions.

Impact of a Model Used to Simulate Chronic Socio-Environmental Stressors Encountered during Spaceflight on Murine Intestinal Microbiota.

During deep-space travels, crewmembers face various physical and psychosocial stressors that could alter gut microbiota composition. Since it is well known that intestinal dysbiosis is involved in the onset or exacerbation of several disorders, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in intestinal microbiota in a murine model used to mimic chronic psychosocial stressors encountered during a long-term space mission. We demonstrate that 3 weeks of exposure to this model (called CUMS for Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress) induce significant change in intracaecal β-diversity characterized by an important increase of the / ratio.

Protozoans in subgingival biofilm: clinical and bacterial associated factors and impact of scaling and root planing treatment.

: In patients with periodontitis, identification of protozoans and evaluation of some bacteria and clinical parameters associated and assessment of scaling and root planing (SRP) impact on their detection. : Before and after SRP, subgingival microbiota was collected in two pathological and one healthy site from 30 periodontitis patients. One healthy site from 30 control patients was also sampled.

Hypergravity disrupts murine intestinal microbiota.

During spaceflight, organisms are subjected to various physical stressors including modification of gravity (G) that, associated with lifestyle, could lead to impaired immunity, intestinal dysbiosis and thus potentially predispose astronauts to illness. Whether space travel affects microbiota homeostasis has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in intestinal microbiota and mucosa in a ground-based murine model consisting in a 21-days confinement of mice in a centrifuge running at 2 or 3G.

Bone marrow vs Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells in experimental sepsis: a comparative study.

Background: The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is being extensively studied in clinical trials in the setting of various diseases including diabetes, stroke, and progressive multiple sclerosis. The unique immunomodulatory properties of MSCs also point them as a possible therapeutic tool during sepsis and septic shock, a devastating syndrome associated with 30-35% mortality. However, MSCs are not equal regarding their activity, depending on their tissue origin.

Clinical-grade mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord improve septic shock in pigs.

Background: Septic shock is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The pathophysiological complexity of this syndrome contributes to an absence of specific treatment. Several preclinical studies in murine models of septic shock have shown improvements to organ injury and survival after administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Assessment of transpulmonary absorption of ethanol from alcohol-based hand rub.

Background: Alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) have been associated with a reduction of nosocomial infections. Despite the worldwide introduction of these products in health care settings, the aim of this study was to assess the transpulmonary absorption of ethanol contains in ABHRs used by health care workers (HCWs) in real conditions of work shift.

Methods: Twenty-six HCWs of Nancy University Hospital were included.

Assessment of exposure to ethanol vapors released during use of Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs by healthcare workers.

Background: Despite the increasing use of Alcohol-Based Hand Rub solutions, few studies have quantified the concentrations of inhaled ethanol.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess ethanol exposure during hygienic and surgical hand disinfection practices.

Method: Ethanol concentrations were measured at the nose level of a wooden dummy and human volunteers.

Emergence of hand contamination with Aspergillus during demolition work.

Hand rubbing with hydro-alcoholic solutions prevent the exogenous nosocomial infection, but the hydro-alcoholic solutions were not sporicidal. A major program of demolition was organized on the area of the University Hospital of Nancy (France) between 2007 and 2010, and this period is often considered as a possible source of suspending Aspergillus spores. This study shows the emergence of Aspergillus on the hands of the medical students during demolition period despite the same quality of hand hygiene.

Prospective observational study to assess hand skin condition after application of alcohol-based hand rub solutions.

Background: The use of alcohol-based hand rub solutions (ABHRSs) in health care settings has been associated with increased hand hygiene compliance and reduced rates of nosocomial infection. Deterioration in hand skin condition leads to impaired barrier function, changes in skin flora, and increased bacterial shedding. Thus, poor skin condition can increase the risk of infection.

Factors determining poor practice in alcoholic gel hand rub technique in hospital workers.

Background: Hand hygiene of healthcare personnel is one of the most important interventions for reducing transmission of nosocomial pathogens. Previous studies have demonstrated that the use of alcohol-based hand gel increases hand hygiene compliance, but that effective use of this product cannot be taken for granted.

Objective: Evaluate factors associated with poor hand hygiene effectiveness of hospital workers using an alcohol-based hand gel and the effect of an education program.

Comparative in situ study of the intestinal absorption of aluminum, manganese, nickel, and lead in rats.

This comparative study of the intestinal absorption of four toxic metals (aluminum, manganese, nickel, and lead) carried out in rats using the in situ intestinal perfusion technique was able to measure the partition of each metal between the intestine (intestinal retention), the blood circulation, and target tissues after 1 h. The perfused metal solutions were at concentrations likely to occur during oral intoxication. It was found that aluminum (48 and 64 mM), even as a citrate complex, crossed the brush border with difficulty (0.