Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP): Prevalence, cyto-histo correlation, and molecular and ultrasonographic profile.

Non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary like nuclear features (NIFTP) was introduced in 2017 WHO Classification of Endocrine Tumors. In this study, we aim to characterize the molecular and ultrasonographic profiles of NIFTP and evaluate the performance of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. Consecutive thyroid resections at our institution between 2018 and 2022 were collected; 1282 thyroid resections were identified.

Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of -Glycosides from Glycal Anomers.

This Letter presents a highly diastereoselective synthesis of -hydroxymethine glycosides from glycal anomers using a chiral -heterocyclic carbene-copper catalyst. The high diastereoselectivity was synergistically controlled by the stereocenter of the substrate and chirality of the -heterocyclic carbene-copper complex without being interrupted by the stereochemistry of C5 and the anomeric position. This approach enables the production of a diverse array of -hydroxymethine glycosides using synthetically versatile glycals and various functionalized aldehydes.

Dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma arising from serous carcinoma: Diagnostic challenges and recommendations.

•Dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma arising from serous carcinoma (null-type P53).•Differential diagnosis including carcinosarcoma, FIGO grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma.•Also need to rule out SMARCA4-deficient uterine sarcoma and other sarcomas.

Gastric glomus tumor on EUS-FNA-based cytology: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 4 cases, including 1 case with associated MIR143HG-NOTCH2 fusion gene.

Introduction: Gastric glomus tumor (GT) is a rare submucosal tumor for which the preoperative diagnosis can be challenging. We report the cytomorphologic and immunohistochemical features of 4 gastric GTs diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) cytology.

Materials And Methods: Files were searched to identify gastric GTs diagnosed by EUS-FNA between 2018 and 2021.

Revisiting the cytologic features of autoimmune pancreatitis: An institutional experience.

Background: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a known mimicker of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma both clinically and radiologically. In this study, the authors present their institutional experience in diagnosing AIP on cytology and correlate results with the histologic findings.

Methods: A 14-year computerized search for patients who had histologically confirmed AIP with concurrent or prior cytology was performed.

Hürthle cell-predominant thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology: A four risk-factor model highly accurate in excluding malignancy and predicting neoplasm.

Background: Interpretation of Hürthle cell-predominant cytologies (HCP) is very challenging as a majority is diagnosed as indeterminate. Prior studies have reported various cytologic features to help distinguish non-neoplastic (NN) from neoplastic and malignant lesions but had contradicting results. Our aim was to identify risk factors predictive of neoplasm and/or malignancy by correlating cytologic features with clinical and ultrasound findings.

Cyto-histo correlation and false-negative urine: Before and after the Paris system for reporting urinary cytology.

Background: The impact of implementing the Paris system (TPS) on the rate of discrepant cases in the negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC) category that had a subsequent diagnosis of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) on histology is not well studied.

Methods: We adopted TPS in May 2019. We searched discrepant cases with negative urine cytology 2017-2019 in our cyto-histo correlation database.

BRD3-NUTM1-expressing NUT carcinoma of lung on endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration cytology, a diagnostic pitfall.

Background: Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma (NC) is an aggressive type of poorly differentiated carcinoma with a variable degree of squamous differentiation. NC is defined by the presence of BRD-NUT fusion oncogenes, the most common fusion form being the BRD4-NUTM1 gene. Variant rearrangements involving the BRD3 and NSD3 genes.

Palladium catalyzed reductive Heck coupling and its application in total synthesis of (-)-17-nor-excelsinidine.

Monoterpene indole alkaloids, bearing a highly substituted piperidine ring, are a structurally diverse class of bioactive natural products, found in various parts of the world. Herein, we reported the construction of the key piperidine ring palladium catalyzed reductive Heck coupling with a good selective manner, avoiding the usage of stoichiometric, highly toxic, air sensitive and moisture sensitive Ni(COD). To further showcase the value of this methodology, we realized the total synthesis of the structurally unique zwitterionic monoterpene indole alkaloid (-)-17-nor-excelsinidine in 9 steps, in which the key ammonium-acetate connection (N4-C16) of (-)-17-nor-excelsinidine was constructed oxidative coupling in excellent yield and high regioselectivity under NBS/pyridine from the enolate of geissoschizine.

The Role of Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Bed Lesions and Clinical Predictors of Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Objectives: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid bed lesions after thyroidectomy is challenging to evaluate. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predicative value of thyroid bed FNA (TB-FNA) for detecting local recurrence of thyroid carcinoma.

Methods: A retrospective search was conducted for TB-FNAs from patients with a prior thyroid resection and subsequent ipsilateral FNA from the thyroid bed.

Primary effusion lymphoma in human immune deficiency (HIV)-negative non-organ transplant immunocompetent patients.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare non-Hodgkin's lymphoma most commonly occurring in the context of human immune deficiency (HIV) infection. Herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) has been associated with PEL and considered to be the etiologic agent. In addition, most cases (60%-90%) also show evidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection.

Pulmonary Myoepithelial Tumors With Exuberant Reactive Pneumocytes: Proposed Reclassification of So-called Pneumocytic Adenomyoepithelioma.

Pneumocytic adenomyoepithelioma (PAM) was first described in 2007 and was included in the 2015 World Health Organization Classification of lung tumors as a variant of epithelial-myoepithelial tumor. This rare pulmonary neoplasm was reported to show both myoepithelial and duct-like components, with the latter exhibiting pneumocytic differentiation with TTF-1 expression. We present an index case and 6 additional retrospectively identified cases of pulmonary tumors with prototypical features of PAM.

Significance of atypical endometrial cells in women younger than 40 years of age.

Introduction: The presence of atypical endometrial cells in the Papanicolaou (Pap) test has been associated with an increased rate of endometrial malignancy, with reported rates ranging from 14% to 47%. However, most reported studies have focused on patients who were aged >40 years. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of identifying atypical endometrial cells in Pap test samples in women aged <40 years of age.

pheS* as a counter-selectable marker for marker-free genetic manipulations in Bacillus anthracis.

Several genetic tools have been developed for use in Bacillus anthracis, but there is still a need for a more marker-free gene inactivation protocols. Thus, we report a method to generate unmarked mutations in B. anthracis.

Comparison of clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of collagenous sprue, celiac disease, and collagenous colitis.

Background: Collagenous sprue (CS) is a rare form of enteropathy that had been reported to be associated with celiac disease (CD) and collagenous colitis (CC). The aim of our study was to compare the clinical features, treatments, and outcomes of CS, CD, and CC.

Methods: All patients with histologic diagnosis of CS, CD, or CC with complete clinical data were extracted from our pathology database between 1990 and 2015.

17β-Estradiol alters oxidative damage and oxidative stress response protein expression in the mouse mammary gland.

Although substantial evidence has demonstrated that parity and 17β-estradiol (E2) reduce mammary carcinogenesis, it is not clear how this protection is conferred. Thus, we examined the effects of parity and E2 treatment in the mammary glands of ovariectomized 15 week-old virgin mice, 15 week-old primiparous mice, and 9 month-old retired breeders. E2 treatment significantly increased lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and protein nitrosylation in the virgin mice, but not in the age-matched primiparous mice or retired breeders.

Syndromic and sporadic inflammatory/hyperplastic small-bowel polyps: a comparative study.

Background: Inflammatory/hyperplastic small-bowel polyps (SBPs) occur either sporadically or in patients with a polyposis syndrome; however, comparison between these two settings of the histological features of SBPs has not been reported and the etiology of sporadic inflammatory/hyperplastic SBPs remains unclear.

Method: Twenty-eight cases of sporadic inflammatory/hyperplastic SBPs and nine cases of syndromic SBPs were retrieved from the Department of Anatomic Pathology at the Cleveland Clinic. Clinico-demographics and histological features were compared between the two groups.

Optic nerve aspergillosis.

We report a 55-year-old woman with optic nerve Aspergillosis. Aspergillus is an ubiquitous airborne saprophytic fungus. Inhaled Aspergillus conidia are normally eliminated in the immunocompetent host by innate immune mechanisms; however, in immunosuppressed patients, they can cause disease.

Regulation of epithelial differentiation in rat intestine by intraluminal delivery of an adenoviral vector or silencing RNA coding for Schlafen 3.

Although we stimulate enterocytic proliferation to ameliorate short gut syndrome or mucosal atrophy, less effort has been directed at enterocytic differentiation. Schlafen 3 (Slfn3) is a poorly understood protein induced during IEC-6 enterocytic differentiation. We hypothesized that exogenous manipulation of Slfn3 would regulate enterocytic differentiation in vivo.

17β-Estradiol alters oxidative stress response protein expression and oxidative damage in the uterus.

The steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) has profound effects on the uterus. However, with the E2-induced increase in uterine cell proliferation and metabolism comes increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We examined the expression of an interactive network of oxidative stress response proteins including thioredoxin (Trx), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), apurinic endonuclease (Ape1), and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI).

Propofol's effects on phagocytosis, proliferation, nitrate production, and cytokine secretion in pressure-stimulated microglial cells.

Background: Intracranial hypertension complicates severe traumatic brain injury frequently and might be associated with poor outcomes. Traumatic brain injury induces a neuroinflammatory response by microglial activation and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6. To elucidate the effect of increased intracranial pressure on microglial function, we studied the effects of increased extracellular pressure on primary human microglial cell phagocytosis, proliferation, cytokine secretion, and total nitrate production.