Phenological shifts and mismatch with marine productivity vary among Pacific salmon species and populations.

Global climate change is shifting the timing of life-cycle events, sometimes resulting in phenological mismatches between predators and prey. Phenological shifts and subsequent mismatches may be consistent across populations, or they could vary unpredictably across populations within the same species. For anadromous Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.

Stream and ocean hydrodynamics mediate partial migration strategies in an amphidromous Hawaiian goby.

Partial migration strategies, in which some individuals migrate but others do not, are widely observed in populations of migratory animals. Such patterns could arise via variation in migratory behaviors made by individual animals, via genetic variation in migratory predisposition, or simply by variation in migration opportunities mediated by environmental conditions. Here we use spatiotemporal variation in partial migration across populations of an amphidromous Hawaiian goby to test whether stream or ocean conditions favor completing its life cycle entirely within freshwater streams rather than undergoing an oceanic larval migration.

[Nephrologists' role in a changing climate].

Human-induced climate changes represent an increasing concern in recent years. Among the medical specialties, Nephrology is the most interested in the negative effects of climate changes on human health. Kidneys in fact play a crucial role in blood volume regulation as well as in the extra- and intracellular osmolality that allow normal metabolism.

[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with relapsing episodes of acute kidney injury in the Schnitzler syndrome].

The Schnitzler syndrome (SS) is a rare and underdiagnosed entity that associates a chronic urticarial rash, monoclonal IgM (or sometimes IgG) gammopathy and signs and symptoms of systemic inflammation. During the past 45 years the SS has evolved from an elusive, little-known disorder to the paradigm of a late-onset auto-inflammatory acquired syndrome. Though there is no definite proof of its precise pathogenesis, it should be considered as an acquired disease involving abnormal stimulation of the innate immune system, which can be reversed by the interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist anakinra.

Is the removal of a central venous catheter always necessary in the context of catheter-related right atrial thrombosis?

Catheter-related right atrial thrombosis is a severe and life-threatening complication of central venous catheters in both adult and young patients. Catheter-related right atrial thrombosis can occur with any type of central venous catheters, utilized either for hemodialysis or infusion. Up to 30% of patients with central venous catheter are estimated to be affected by catheter-related right atrial thrombosis; however, neither precise epidemiological data nor guidelines regarding medical or surgical treatment are available.

Kidney involvement in the Schnitzler syndrome, a rare disease.

The Schnitzler syndrome (SS) is a rare and underdiagnosed entity that associates a chronic urticarial rash, monoclonal IgM (or sometimes IgG) gammopathy and signs and symptoms of systemic inflammation. During the past 45 years, the SS has evolved from an elusive little-known disorder to the paradigm of a late-onset acquired auto-inflammatory syndrome. Though there is no definite proof of its precise pathogenesis, it should be considered as an acquired disease involving abnormal stimulation of the innate immune system, which can be reversed by the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra.

Lancisi's sign and central venous catheter tip position: a case report.

Introduction: Valvular disease and pulmonary hypertension are common conditions in haemodialysis patients. In presence of tricuspid regurgitation, an increased retrograde blood flow into the right atrium during ventricle systole results in a typical modification of the normal venous waveform, creating a giant c-v wave. This condition clinically appears as a venous palpable pulsation within the internal jugular vein, also known as Lancisi's sign.

Adaptive capacity at the northern front: sockeye salmon behaviourally thermoregulate during novel exposure to warm temperatures.

As climate change increases maximal water temperatures, behavioural thermoregulation may be crucial for the persistence of coldwater fishes, such as salmonids. Although myriad studies have documented behavioural thermoregulation in southern populations of salmonids, few if any have explored this phenomenon in northern populations, which are less likely to have an evolutionary history of heat stress, yet are predicted to experience substantial warming. Here, we treated a rare heat wave as a natural experiment to test whether wild sockeye salmon () at the northern extent of their primary range (60° latitude) can thermoregulate in response to abnormally high thermal conditions.

The impact of haemodialysis arteriovenous fistula on haemodynamic parameters of the cardiovascular system.

Background: Satisfactory vascular access flow (Qa) of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is necessary for haemodialysis (HD) adequacy. The aim of the present study was to further our understanding of haemodynamic modifications of the cardiovascular system of HD patients associated with an AVF. The main objective was to calculate using real data in what way an AVF influences the load of the left ventricle (LLV).

Major histocompatibility complex diversity is positively associated with stream water temperatures in proximate populations of sockeye salmon.

Local adaptation to heterogeneous environments generates population diversity within species, significantly increasing ecosystem stability and flows of ecosystem services. However, few studies have isolated the specific mechanisms that create and maintain this diversity. Here, we examined the relationship between water temperature in streams used for spawning and genetic diversity at a gene involved in immune function [the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)] in 14 populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) sampled across the Wood River basin in south-western Alaska.

[An unusual cause of ureteral obstruction in kidney transplant].

Inguinal herniation of the ureter in a kidney transplantation is a rare cause of late distal ureteral obstruction. Herniation is usually secondary to the implant of a long redundant ureter and to its course on the spermatic cord. This clinical condition can worsen graft function in the presence of ipsilateral hydroureteronephrosis.

Histopathologic features of erythematous papulopustular eruption to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in cancer patients.

Background: Erythematous papulopustular eruption (EPPE) is the most frequent skin adverse event to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors but its histopathologic features have been poorly studied. As EPPE is a strong predictor of patient's treatment response, the EPPE histopathologic features and their correlations with skin eruption severity and involved drug were investigated.

Method: An involved skin biopsy was carried out in 39 informed patients treated with EGFR inhibitors (mainly cetuximab and erlotinib).

[An unusual cause of acute pyelonephritis: the retrocaval ureter].

Retrocaval ureter is a rare congenital malformation in which the proximal right ureter courses toward the midline on the posterior aspect of the inferior vena cava before emerging medial and anterior to this structure and then descending into the pelvis. This anatomical anomaly may be asymptomatic or manifest clinically, usually starting from the fourth decade of life, with flank pain, pyelonephritis, gross hematuria or other rarer signs. We describe the case of a young woman being hospitalized because of acute pyelonephritis; she had previously complained of flank pain associated with episodes of high fever.

High versus low dialysate sodium concentration in chronic haemodialysis patients: a systematic review of 23 studies.

Background: It is the object of debate whether a low or high dialysate sodium concentration (DNa(+)) should be advocated in chronic haemodialysis patients. In this paper, we aimed at evaluating benefits and harms of different DNa(+) prescriptions through a systematic review of the available literature.

Methods: MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases were searched for studies comparing low or high DNa(+) prescriptions.

Differences in clinicopathological features and distribution of risk factors in Italian melanoma patients.

Background: No studies are available in the literature on the distribution of different melanoma features and risk factors in the Italian geographical areas.

Objective: To identify the differences in clinical-pathological features of melanoma, the distribution of risk factors and sun exposure in various Italian macro-areas.

Methods: Multicentric-observational study involving 1,472 melanoma cases (713 north, 345 centre, 414 south) from 26 referral centres belonging to the Italian Multidisciplinary Group for Melanoma.

Efficacy and Safety of a New Technique of Conversion from Temporary to Tunneled Central Venous Catheters.

The usually applied conversion technique from temporary to tunneled central venous catheters (CVCs) using the same venous insertion site requires a peel-away sheath. We propose a conversion technique without peel-away sheath: a guide wire is advanced through the existing temporary CVC; then, a subcutaneous tunnel is created from the exit to the venotomy site. After removing the temporary CVC, the tunneled one is advanced along the guide wire.

Probing the dry weight by bioimpedance: the resistance stabilization test.

Probing dry weight (DW) was largely dependent on clinical subjective estimate until recently. New bedside non-invasive tools have been developed with the aim of providing more objective information on volume status and guiding physicians in the quest for DW. Among them, bioimpedance appears to be very promising in the achievement of this goal.

The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor-Related Skin Toxicity Index (EGFRISTI): a new tool for grading and managing skin adverse reactions to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors.

Background: Skin toxicity is frequent and debilitating in oncologic patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs). Grading and management of skin adverse events (AEs) are poorly standardized.

Materials And Methods: We developed a new score (EGFRISTI: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor-Related Skin Toxicity Index) which is able to quantify and monitor all EGFRI-related dermatologic AEs over time.

Physical activity in chronic kidney disease: a plausible approach to vascular calcification?

Vascular calcification (VC) is a prominent feature that affects up to 40 to 80% of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients depending on the degree of renal impairment. Though etiology and pathogenesis of the different types of VC are far from being elucidated, it is conceivable that an imbalance between promoters and inhibitors represents the condition that triggers VC deposition and progression. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, several lines of evidence suggest that specific factors may affect the arterial system and prognosis in CKD.