Simple and scalable preparation of lignin based porous carbon coated nano-clay composites and their efficient removal for the diversified iodine.

Here, lignin and nano-clay were used to prepare novel composite adsorbents by one-step carbonization without adding activators for radioactive iodine capture. Specially, 1D nano-clay such as halloysite (Hal), palygorskite (Pal) and sepiolite (Sep) were selected as skeleton components, respectively, enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) as carbon source, lignin based porous carbon/nano-clay composites (ELC-X) were prepared through ultrasonic impregnation, freeze drying, and carbonization. Characterization results indicated lignin based porous carbon (ELC) well coated on the surface of nano-clay, and made its surface areas increase to 252 m/g.

Encapsulated lignin-based slow-release manganese fertilizer with reduced cadmium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

As an essential trace element for plant growth and development, manganese plays a crucial role in the uptake of the heavy metal cadmium by rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we developed a novel slow-release manganese fertilizer named Mn@LNS-EL.

Tuning the Acid-Base Properties of Lignin-Derived Carbon Modulated ZnZr/SiO Catalysts for Selective and Efficient Production of Butadiene from Ethanol.

The direct selective conversion of ethanol to butadiene (ETB) is a competitive and environmentally friendly process compared to the traditional crude cracking route. The acid-base properties of catalysts are crucial for the direct ETB process. Herein, we report a rationally designed multifunctional lignin-derived carbon-modulated ZnZr/SiO (L-ZnZr/SiO) catalyst with suitable acid-base properties for the direct ETB reaction.

Differentiated Fractionation of Various Biomass Resources by -Toluenesulfonic Acid at Mild Conditions.

Biomass is the ideal substitute for petrochemical resources because of its renewable and abundant sources. -Toluenesulfonic acid (-TsOH) can effectively separate lignin from biomass under mild conditions, so it is highly expected in biomass fractionation to improve the utilization efficiency. In this study, we investigated the effect of -TsOH differentiated fractionation of poplar sawdust, eucalyptus sawdust, and rice straw below 100 °C.

Design and Synthesis of Porous Organic Polymers: Promising Catalysts for Lignocellulose Conversion to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Derivates.

In the face of the current energy and environmental problems, the full use of biomass resources instead of fossil energy to produce a series of high-value chemicals has great application prospects. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which can be synthesized from lignocellulose as a raw material, is an important biological platform molecule. Its preparation and the catalytic oxidation of subsequent products have important research significance and practical value.

Surfactants facilitated glycerol organosolv pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass by structural modification for co-production of fermentable sugars and highly reactive lignin.

This study reported that surfactants could facilitate the organosolv pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) to produce fermentable sugars and highly active lignin. Under the optimized conditions, the surfactant-assisted glycerol organosolv (saGO) pretreatment achieved 80.7% delignification with a retention of 93.

Wood-derived bio-coating materials incorporating hydrophobic lignin and hierarchically porous biochar for high-efficiency coating slow-release fertilizers.

Coating slow-release fertilizers (CSRFs) have gained significant attention for their potential to improve nutrient utilization efficiency and prevent environmental pollution through mitigating soil and water contamination. This study developed a novel wood waste-derived composition as a bio-coating material for urea slow-release by integrating modified lignin (PCL) and activated biochar (ABC). PCL was prepared by grafting palmitoyl chloride (PC) with hydrophobic groups to the lignin via an esterification reaction.

Efficient preparation of nitrogen-doped lignin-based carbon nanotubes and the selectivity of nitrogen speciation for photothermal therapy.

In this study, the lignin was pre-modified using small-molecule nitrogen-containing compounds, and then the nitrogen-doped lignin-based carbon nanotubes (L-NCNTs) were fabricated by pyrolysis using the modified lignin as raw materials. The obtained L-NCNTs were multi-walled carbon nanotubes with diameters between 10 and 80 nm. The modification of lignin had an important effect on the nitrogen morphology of L-NCNTs, and promoted the high selectivity of pyridine-N in the L-NCNTs.

Preparation of lignin modified hyper-cross-linked nanoporous resins and their efficient adsorption for p-nitrophenol in aqueous solution and CO capture.

A series of lignin modified hyper-cross-linked nanoporous resins (LMHCRs) had been synthesized from lignin, 4-vinylbenzyl chloride, and divinylbenzene by free radical polymerization reaction and following Friedel-Crafts reaction. The results indicated that Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (S) of LMHCRs decreased with different degrees compared with polymeric microspheres (HCRs) without adding lignin. With increasing the feeding amount of lignin, the S of LMHCRs first increased and then decreased, and LMHCR-2 had larger S (968.

Effects of Inhibitors Generated by Dilute Phosphoric Acid Plus Steam-Exploded Poplar on Growth.

The pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is important for efficient bioethanol conversion, but causes undesirable by-products that inhibit microbial growth, conversely affecting the bioconversion efficiency. In this study, the main inhibitors derived from dilute phosphoric acid plus steam-exploded poplar wood were identified as 0.22 g/L furfural, 3.

Versatile Strategy for the Preparation of Woody Biochar with Oxygen-Rich Groups and Enhanced Porosity for Highly Efficient Cr(VI) Removal.

Biochar is widely used to remove hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from wastewater through adsorption, which is recognized as a facile, cost-efficient, and high-selectivity approach. In this study, a versatile strategy that combines delignification with subsequent carbonization and KOH activation is proposed to prepare a novel woody biochar from waste poplar sawdust. By virtue of the unique multilayered and honeycomb porous structure induced by delignification and activation processes, the resultant activated carbonized delignified wood (ACDW) exhibits a high specific surface area of 970.

Facile preparation of oxygen-rich porous polymer microspheres from lignin-derived phenols for selective CO adsorption and iodine vapor capture.

Lignin is a natural O-containing aromatic amorphous polymers from the residues of biorefinery and industrial papermaking, it can derive lots of aromatic phenol chemicals used as industrial raw materials by an efficient depolymerization, and then produce synthetic polymers. Here, we selected six aromatic units from the liquid products of lignin depolymerization, and tried to prepare diversified O-rich hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCPs) by one-pot Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction for CO and iodine vapor capture. HCP1, HCP2, and HCP3 microspheres possessed similar porous structure with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas (S) of 14.

Selectable Microporous Carbons Derived from Poplar Wood by Three Preparation Routes for CO Capture.

Biomass-derived porous carbons are one kind of sustainable, extensive, and flexible carbon material for CO capture. Here, we prepared several microporous carbons from poplar wood by three preparation routes. Especially, the residues of the poplar wood after the bioethanol process were explored as precursors to prepare activated carbon by KOH and ZnCl activation.

Spinel-structure catalyst catalyzing CO hydrogenation to full spectrum alkenes with an ultra-high yield.

Spinel-like ZnFeO is tailor-made synthesized for catalyzing CO hydrogenation, achieving an ultra-high yield (1858.1 g kg h) of full spectrum alkenes in a three-stage reactor system. This study provides rational design concepts from catalyst to equipment amelioration by combining promoter regulation and ex situ water removal, efficiently catalyzing CO into valuable chemical feedstocks with industrial potential.

CO capture by nitrogen-doped porous carbons derived from nitrogen-containing hyper-cross-linked polymers.

The N-containing hyper-cross-linked polymers with different porosity and polarity were prepared from 4-vinylbenzyl chloride and 4-vinyl pyridine by the suspension polymerization and Friedel-Crafts reaction. A carbonization process by KOH chemical activation was carried out for the N-containing hyper-cross-linked polymers, and hence a series of N-doped porous carbons (NDPC) was easily fabricated. These porous materials were comparatively evaluated for CO adsorption.

Controllable synthesis of N-vinylimidazole-modified hyper-cross-linked resins and their efficient adsorption of p-nitrophenol and o-nitrophenol.

A series of N-vinylimidazole-modified hyper-cross-linked resins was prepared, and the porosity and polarity of these resins were effectively tuned by altering the feeding amount of N-vinylimidazole in the polymerization. The results indicated that the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area sharply decreased from 1258 to 74m/g, the micropore area lowered from 494 to 0m/g, the total pore volume greatly decreased from 1.14 to 0.