Efficientand Robust Automated Segmentation of Nanoparticles and Aggregates from Transmission Electron Microscopy Images with Highly Complex Backgrounds.

Morphologies of nanoparticles and aggregates play an important role in their properties for a range of applications. In particular, significant synthesis efforts have been directed toward controlling nanoparticle morphology and aggregation behavior in biomedical applications, as their size and shape have a significant impact on cellular uptake. Among several techniques for morphological characterization, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can provide direct and accurate characterization of nanoparticle/aggregate morphology details.

Myogenin Regulates DUSP13 to Inhibit Apoptosis Induced by Reactive Oxygen Species.

Background: Myogenin is well known as a crucial transcription factor in skeletal muscle development, yet its other biological functions remain unexplored. Previous research showed that myogenin suppresses apoptosis induced by angiotensin II in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and offered a new perspective on myogenin's role in cardioprotection. However, the detailed mechanism of this cardioprotection, especially under oxidative stress, is still unclear.

[Phenylpropanoids from Saussureae hieracioides].

Objective: To isolate and identify the phenylpropanoids from Saussurea hieracioides.

Methods: The compounds were isolated by chromatographic and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectra data.

Results: Seven compounds were isolated and identified as umbelliferone (1), scopoletin(2), caffeic acid (3), esculetin (4), skimmin (5), scopolin (6) and chlorogenic acid (7), respectively.

[Stud on quality standard for Aconiti Tatsienensis Radix].

Objective: To establish the quality standard for Aconiti Tatsiehensis Radix.

Methods: TLC was used to detect yunaconi- tine and talasamine in Aconiti Tatsiensis Radix. HPLC was adopted to determine the content of yunaconitine.

[Population characteristics and ecological suitability of Saussureae hieracioides].

Objective: To analyze the population characteristics and the appropriate producing area of Saussureae hieracioides in China.

Methods: Chuanxibei plateau, one of the main producing areas of Saussureae hieracioides, was selected as the analytical basal place. Ecological methods were used to investigate the density and biomass of Saussureae hieracioides.

[Determination of skimmin, scopolin and umbelliferone in Tibetan medicine Saussurea hieracioides by HPLC].

This study is aimed to establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of skimmin, scopolin and umbelliferone in Saussurea hieracioides. Samples were analyzed on a Wondasil C18-WR column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with methanol (A) and water containing 0.

Ribosomal protein-Mdm2-p53 pathway coordinates nutrient stress with lipid metabolism by regulating MCD and promoting fatty acid oxidation.

The tumor suppressor p53 has recently been shown to regulate energy metabolism through multiple mechanisms. However, the in vivo signaling pathways related to p53-mediated metabolic regulation remain largely uncharacterized. By using mice bearing a single amino acid substitution at cysteine residue 305 of mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2(C305F)), which renders Mdm2 deficient in binding ribosomal proteins (RPs) RPL11 and RPL5, we show that the RP-Mdm2-p53 signaling pathway is critical for sensing nutrient deprivation and maintaining liver lipid homeostasis.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase organic carbon decomposition under elevated CO2.

The extent to which terrestrial ecosystems can sequester carbon to mitigate climate change is a matter of debate. The stimulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) by elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) has been assumed to be a major mechanism facilitating soil carbon sequestration by increasing carbon inputs to soil and by protecting organic carbon from decomposition via aggregation. We present evidence from four independent microcosm and field experiments demonstrating that CO(2) enhancement of AMF results in considerable soil carbon losses.