Metabolic reprogramming in lung cancer and its clinical implication.

Lung cancer has posed a significant challenge to global health, and related study has been a hot topic in oncology. This article focuses on metabolic reprogramming of lung cancer cells, a process to adapt to energy demands and biosynthetic needs, supporting the proliferation and development of tumor cells. In this study, the latest studies on lung cancer tumor metabolism were reviewed, including the impact of metabolic products and metabolic enzymes on the occurrence and development of lung cancer, as well as the progress in the field of lung cancer treatment targeting relevant metabolic pathways.

Femtosecond-Laser-Enabled Geometric Microengineering of PZT Films for Boosted Piezoelectric Response and Rainfall Monitoring Demonstration.

Geometric microengineering of the active layer in a piezoelectric sensor has emerged as a hot topic to improve performance but meets challenges due to the brittle nature of piezoelectric ceramics. Here, we demonstrate that fs-laser-induced compressive stress leads to film bulging in the nanoscale and forms various shapes of nanostructures, including nanobumps, nanovolcanoes, and nanocaves on PbZrTiO (PZT) films, in a single-step, mask-free, large-scale, and rapid fashion. Highly reproducible 3D profiles of the nanostructures are finely controlled by carefully adjusting the laser energy density around the ablation threshold.

Structural and chemical study of complex silver patterns additively manufactured by multi-photon reduction.

Multi-photon reduction (MPR) based on femtosecond laser makes rapid prototyping and molding in micro-nano scale feasible, but is limited in material selectivity due to lack of the understanding of the reaction mechanism in MPR process. In this paper, additively manufacturing of complex silver-based patterns through MPR is demonstrated. The effects of laser parameters, including laser pulse energies and scanning speeds, on the structural and chemical characteristics of the printed structures are systematically investigated.

Optical-field-induced surface nanobumps in near-infrared laser direct cleaning of nanoparticles on silicon.

The evolution of surface damage in laser direct cleaning (LDC) of nanoparticulate contamination on silicon (Si) was theoretically and experimentally investigated. Nanobumps with a volcano-like shape were found in near-infrared laser cleaning of polystyrene latex nanoparticles on Si wafers. According to the finite-difference time-domain simulation and the high-resolution surface characterization, unusual particle-induced optical field enhancement in the vicinity of the interface between Si and nanoparticles is mainly responsible for the generation of volcano-like nanobumps.

Laser-Induced Fast Assembly of Wettability-Finely-Tunable Superhydrophobic Surfaces for Lossless Droplet Transfer.

Rose-petal-like superhydrophobic surfaces with strong water adhesion are promising for microdroplet manipulation and lossless droplet transfer. Assembly of self-grown micropillars on shape-memory polymer sheets with their surface adhesion finely tunable was enabled using a picosecond laser microprocessing system in a simple, fast, and large-scale manner. The processing speed of the wettability-finely-tunable superhydrophobic surfaces is up to 0.

The Analysis of the Innovation Consciousness of College Student Entrepreneurs Under the Teaching Concept of Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the current situation of the entrepreneurial consciousness of college student entrepreneurs and to explore the role of innovative and entrepreneurial talents in social and economic development. Based on the teaching concept of Chinese excellent traditional culture, first, the relevant theories of innovation and entrepreneurship, as well as the characteristics of entrepreneurial talents in colleges and entrepreneurs, are analyzed and elaborated; moreover, the definition of college student entrepreneur is explained; then, from the perspective of entrepreneurial teaching management, entrepreneurial education, and place support, the questionnaire method is selected to show the understanding of the entrepreneurship of college students; finally, based on the Cobb-Douglas function, the model before and after the introduction of innovative and entrepreneurial talents is tested and analyzed. Investigation and analysis suggest that most college students have entrepreneurial intention, and 61.

Blind-zone formation in laser shockwave nano-cleaning.

Laser shockwave cleaning (LSC) has attracted growing attention due to its advantages in non-contact, site-selective nanoparticle removal on microelectronic/optical devices. However, an uncleaned blind-zone formed directly under the laser-induced plasma kernel severely affects the cleaning effect. Laser shockwave cleaning of 300 nm polystyrene latex nanoparticles on silicon wafers is fully explored to understand the blind-zone formation mechanism.

Spontaneous formation of multilayer refractory carbide coatings in a molten salt media.

Refractory materials hold great promise to develop functional multilayer coating for extreme environments and temperature applications but require high temperature and complex synthesis to overcome their strong atomic bonding and form a multilayer structure. Here, a spontaneous reaction producing sophisticated multilayer refractory carbide coatings on carbon fiber (CF) is reported. This approach utilizes a relatively low-temperature (950 °C) molten-salt process for forming refractory carbides.

Colossal oxygen vacancy formation at a fluorite-bixbyite interface.

Oxygen vacancies in complex oxides are indispensable for information and energy technologies. There are several means to create oxygen vacancies in bulk materials. However, the use of ionic interfaces to create oxygen vacancies has not been fully explored.

Vertically Aligned Single-Crystalline CoFeO Nanobrush Architectures with High Magnetization and Tailored Magnetic Anisotropy.

Micrometer-tall vertically aligned single-crystalline CoFeO nanobrush architectures with extraordinarily large aspect ratio have been achieved by the precise control of a kinetic and thermodynamic non-equilibrium pulsed laser epitaxy process. Direct observations by scanning transmission electron microscopy reveal that the nanobrush crystal is mostly defect-free by nature, and epitaxially connected to the substrate through a continuous 2D interface layer. In contrast, periodic dislocations and lattice defects such as anti-phase boundaries and twin boundaries are frequently observed in the 2D interface layer, suggesting that interface misfit strain relaxation under a non-equilibrium growth condition plays a critical role in the self-assembly of such artificial architectures.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of ammonia gas with resonant vibrational excitation.

In this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) of gaseous ammonia (NH) molecules on- and off-resonant vibrational excitation was studied in open air. A wavelength-tunable, continuous wave (CW), carbon dioxide (CO) laser tuned at a resonant absorption peak (9.219 µm) within the infrared radiation (IR) range was used to resonantly excite the vibration of the N-H wagging mode of ammonia molecules.

Ultraviolet laser photolysis of hydrocarbons for nondiamond carbon suppression in chemical vapor deposition of diamond films.

In this work, we demonstrate that ultraviolet (UV) laser photolysis of hydrocarbon species alters the flame chemistry such that it promotes the diamond growth rate and film quality. Optical emission spectroscopy and laser-induced fluorescence demonstrate that direct UV laser irradiation of a diamond-forming combustion flame produces a large amount of reactive species that play critical roles in diamond growth, thereby leading to enhanced diamond growth. The diamond growth rate is more than doubled, and diamond quality is improved by 4.

Time-resolved resonance fluorescence spectroscopy for study of chemical reactions in laser-induced plasmas.

Identification of chemical intermediates and study of chemical reaction pathways and mechanisms in laser-induced plasmas are important for laser-ablated applications. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), as a promising spectroscopic technique, is efficient for elemental analyses but can only provide limited information about chemical products in laser-induced plasmas. In this work, time-resolved resonance fluorescence spectroscopy was studied as a promising tool for the study of chemical reactions in laser-induced plasmas.

Kinetically Controlled Fabrication of Single-Crystalline TiO Nanobrush Architectures with High Energy {001} Facets.

This study demonstrates that precise control of nonequilibrium growth conditions during pulsed laser deposition (PLD) can be exploited to produce single-crystalline anatase TiO nanobrush architectures with large surface areas terminated with high energy {001} facets. The data indicate that the key to nanobrush formation is controlling the atomic surface transport processes to balance defect aggregation and surface-smoothing processes. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy data reveal that defect-mediated aggregation is the key to TiO nanobrush formation.

Epitaxial Growth of Intermetallic MnPt Films on Oxides and Large Exchange Bias.

High-quality epitaxial growth of inter-metallic MnPt films on oxides is achieved, with potential for multiferroic heterostructure applications. Antisite-stabilized spin-flipping induces ferromagnetism in MnPt films, although it is robustly antiferromagnetic in bulk. Moreover, highly ordered antiferromagnetic MnPt films exhibit superiorly large exchange coupling with a ferromagnetic layer.

Highly efficient and recyclable carbon soot sponge for oil cleanup.

Carbon soot (CS) has the advantages of cost-effectiveness and production scalability over other carbons (i.e., graphene, CNTs) in their synthesis.

Thermal characterization of diamond films through modulated photothermal radiometry.

Diamond (Dia) films are promising heat-dissipative materials for electronic packages because they combine high thermal conductivity with high electrical resistivity. However, precise knowledge of the thermal properties of the diamond films is crucial to their potential application as passive thermal management substrates in electronics. In this study, modulated photothermal radiometry in a front-face configuration was employed to thermally characterize polycrystalline diamond films deposited onto silicon (Si) substrates through laser-assisted combustion synthesis.