AI-PEDURO - Artificial intelligence in pediatric urology: Protocol for a living scoping review and online repository.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods are increasingly being applied in pediatric urology across a growing number of settings, with more extensive databases and wider interest for use in clinical practice. More than 30 ML models have been published in the pediatric urology literature, but many lack items required by contemporary reporting frameworks to be high quality. For example, most studies lack multi-institution validation, validation over time, and validation within the clinical environment, resulting in a large discrepancy between the number of models developed versus the number of models deployed in a clinical setting, a phenomenon known as the AI chasm.

Undescended testis: A roundtable discussion based on clinical scenarios - Part 2.

Undescended testis (UDT, cryptorchidism) is the most frequent genital anomaly in boys. However, its treatment varies widely throughout the world. This second part of our roundtable discussion aims to continue to ask global experts to express their attitudes towards several case scenarios of UDT in order to explore the rationale for their clinical decisions.

Application of the ERAS guidelines in pediatric urological surgery: a systematic review.

Introduction: Consensus for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in pediatrics has been achieved in neonatal intestinal surgery, yet it is not widely utilized in pediatric urology. We investigated the application of ERAS guidelines in pediatric urology, and determined its effects given the available level of evidence supporting the ERAS protocol in children.

Evidence Acquisition: A systematic literature review including series providing adoption of fast-track recovery protocols for pediatric urology procedures was carried out.

A multi-institutional European comparative study of open versus robotic-assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation in children with high grade (IV-V) vesicoureteral reflux.

Introduction: Traditionally, open ureteral reimplantation (OUR) has been the standard treatment for primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) requiring reimplantation. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation (RALUR) is gaining popularity and high success rates have been reported.

Objective: In this multi-institutional study, we aimed to compare the perioperative and postoperative outcomes of OUR and RALUR for high-grade (IV + V) VUR in children.

Undescended testis: A roundtable discussion based on clinical scenarios - Part 1.

Undescended testis (UDT, cryptorchidism) is the most common congenital anomaly of the genital tract. Despite its high incidence, the management of UDT varies between specialties (urology, pediatric surgery, pediatric urology, pediatric endocrinology). Therefore, as the European Association of Urology - Young Academic Urologists Pediatric Urology Working Group, we requested experts around the world to express their own personal approaches against various case scenarios of UDT in order to explore their individual reasoning.

Mobility and Sporting Activity After Renal Trauma: A Survey Regarding Best Clinical Practice During the Recovery Stage.

Objective: To evaluate strategies that are followed after pediatric renal trauma during the recovery stage, with an emphasis on mobility and involvement in subsequent sporting activities. Renal trauma is the most common urogenital trauma in children. The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) scale is most commonly used to stratify the severity of injury.

Endoscopic dilatation/incision of primary obstructive megaureter. A systematic review. On behalf of the EAU paediatric urology guidelines panel.

Introduction: Historically, ureteral reimplantation (UR) has been the gold standard for treatment of primary obstructive megaureter (POM) with declining renal function, worsening obstruction, or recurrent urinary tract infections. In infants, open surgery with reimplantation of a grossly dilated ureter into a small bladder, can be technically challenging with significant morbidity. Therefore, less invasive endoscopic management such as dilatation or incision of the ureter-vesical junction, has emerged as an alternative to reimplantation during the last decades.

Long-term beneficial effects of mirabegron in pediatric patients with therapy-refractory neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.

Introduction: Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in children can cause renal failure and urinary incontinence if not treated sufficiently. Antimuscarinics (AM) and intradetrusor botulinum toxin injections (BoNT-A) with clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) are widely used treatment options for children with NLUTD. However, a considerable number will become refractory to these treatment options.

Real-world management of testicular torsion: Level of adherence to the EAU Pediatric Urology guidelines.

Background: Testicular torsion is the most frequent cause of irreversible ischemia to the testis. Despite guidelines being available, challenges remain in both diagnosis and management of the disease.

Objective: This study aims to determine the adherence of urologists and residents in urology to the European Association of Urology (EAU) Pediatric Guideline on Testicular torsion.

Development of a prediction model in female pure or predominant urge urinary incontinence: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Urinary incontinence is a prevalent form of pelvic floor dysfunction, with a non-negligible impact on a patient's quality of life. There are several treatment options, varying from conservative to invasive. The aim of this study is to predict treatment outcomes of pure or predominant urge urinary incontinence (UUI) in women to support shared decision-making and manage patient expectations.

Guideline Adherence of Paediatric Urolithiasis: An EAU Members' Survey and Expert Panel Roundtable Discussion.

Background: Paediatric nephrolithiasis has increased globally, requiring standardized recommendations. This study aims to assess the paediatric urolithiasis care between EAU members along with the statements of three experts in this field. Methods: The results of an electronic survey among EAU members comparing the guideline recommendations to their current practice managing paediatric nephrolithiasis in 74 centres are contrasted with insights from an expert-panel.

The prognostic value of testicular microlithiasis as an incidental finding for the risk of testicular malignancy in children and the adult population: A systematic review. On behalf of the EAU pediatric urology guidelines panel.

Introduction: The exact correlation of testicular microlithiasis (TM) with benign and malignant conditions remains unknown, especially in the paediatric population. The potential association of TM with testicular malignancy in adulthood has led to controversy regarding management and follow-up.

Objective: To determine the prognostic importance of TM in children in correlation to the risk of testicular malignancy or infertility and compare the differences between the paediatric and adult population.

EAU-ESPU pediatric urology guidelines on testicular tumors in prepubertal boys.

Background: Testicular tumors in prepubertal boys account for 1-2% of all solid pediatric tumors. They have a lower incidence, a different histologic distribution and are more often benign compared to testicular tumors in the adolescent and adult group. This fundamental difference should also lead to a different approach and treatment.

Update of the EAU/ESPU guidelines on urinary tract infections in children.

Introduction/background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children and require appropriate diagnostic evaluation, management and follow-up.

Objective: To provide a summary of the updated European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on Pediatric Urology, which were first published in 2015 in European Urology.

Study Design: A structured literature review was performed of new publications between 2015 and 2020 for UTIs in children.

Are EAU/ESPU pediatric urology guideline recommendations on neurogenic bladder well received by the patients? Results of a survey on awareness in spina bifida patients and caregivers.

Aims: The Paediatric Urology Guidelines Panel reports initial experience with patient involvement in spina bifida patient groups to gather information on their awareness of the guidelines and reflection of guideline recommendations.

Methods: The survey was delivered to spina bifida patients/parents via the national society groups in Turkey, Germany, and The Netherlands. Questions included demographic features, medical status, awareness, and agreement on the recommendations given in the guidelines and future expectations.

The Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire (MSISQ-15): Validation of the Dutch version in patients with multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury.

Aims: The Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire (MSISQ-15) evaluates symptoms of sexual dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study was to provide and validate a Dutch version of the MSISQ-15 in patients with neurological disease such as MS and spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: The linguistic validation process of the original English MSISQ-15 into Dutch was performed according to standardized guidelines.

Urotherapy in children with dysfunctional voiding and the responsiveness of two condition-specific questionnaires.

Aims: We sought to establish the responsiveness of the Dutch Vancouver Symptom Score for Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome (VSSDES) and Pediatric urinary incontinence Quality of life (PinQ) questionnaires. Secondary, we evaluated the outcome of urotherapy extended for children with dysfunctional voiding (DV).

Methods: This cross-sectional multicenter study was done in one tertiary and two community hospitals.

The validation of the Dutch SF-Qualiveen, a questionnaire on urinary-specific quality of life, in spinal cord injury patients.

Background: Optimizing the patients' quality of life is one of the main goals in the urological management of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. In this study we validated the Dutch SF-Qualiveen, a short questionnaire that measures the urinary-specific quality of life, in SCI patients. No such measure is yet available for this patient group.

Heterogeneity in reporting on urinary outcome and cure after surgical interventions for stress urinary incontinence in adult neuro-urological patients: A systematic review.

Aims: To describe all outcome parameters and definitions of cure used to report on outcome of surgical interventions for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in neuro-urological (NU) patients.

Methods: This systematic review was performed and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The study protocol was registered and published (CRD42016033303; http://www.