Augmented Reality Art Museum Mobile Guide for Enhancing User Experience.

The advancement of augmented reality technology provides means for next generation art museum tour guides. In this study, we develop an AR navigation and multimedia guide for mobile devices and head-mounted displays. Visitors follow virtual routes to the exhibits and switch to multimedia commentary mode, pointing to exhibits with their phone camera for commentary information.

Cationic Magnetically Active Nitrogen-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon with Record Low Band Gap.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted significant interest in material chemistry, particularly if they own extremely low band gaps and magnetic properties. However, challenges remain regarding the synthetic accessibility and energy saturation issues. In this study, we introduce NR-11, which consists of eleven aromatic rings in its main conjugation and is separately doped with two electron-rich nitrogen atoms.

One-Pot Synthesis of Oxygen Vacancy-Rich Amorphous/Crystalline Heterophase CaWO Nanoparticles for Enhanced Radiodynamic-Immunotherapy.

Radiodynamic therapy that employs X-rays to trigger localized reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation can tackle the tissue penetration issue of phototherapy. Although calcium tungstate (CaWO) shows great potential as a radiodynamic agent benefiting from its strong X-ray absorption and the ability to generate electron-hole (e-h) pairs, slow charge carrier transfer and fast e-h recombination greatly limit its ROS-generating performance. Herein, via a one-pot wet-chemical method, oxygen vacancy-rich amorphous/crystalline heterophase CaWO nanoparticles (Ov-a/c-CaWO NPs) with enhanced radiodynamic effect are synthesized for radiodynamic-immunotherapy of cancer.

SARS-CoV-2 NSP6 reduces autophagosome size and affects viral replication via sigma-1 receptor.

Unlabelled: Autophagy is a cellular self-defense mechanism by which cells can kill invading pathogenic microorganisms and increase the presentation of components of pathogens as antigens. Contrarily, pathogens can utilize autophagy to enhance their own replication. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) NSP6 can interact with ATPase proton pump component to inhibit lysosomal acidification, which was implicated in the autophagy process.

A multifunctional nanoplatform for chemotherapy and nanocatalytic synergistic cancer therapy achieved by amplified lipid peroxidation.

Traditional cancer chemotherapy suffers from low efficacy and severe side effects, limiting its use as a first-line treatment. To address this issue, we investigated a novel way to induce lipid peroxidation (LPO), which plays an essential role in ferroptosis and may be useful against cancer cells and tumors. In this study, a pH-responsive synergistic cancer therapy nanoplatform was prepared using CaCO co-loaded with oleanolic acid (OA) and lipoxygenase (LOX), resulting in the formation OLCaP NP.

Comprehensive pulmonary metabolic responses to silica nanoparticles exposure in Fisher 344 rats.

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) could induce adverse pulmonary effects, but the mechanism was not clear enough. Metabolomics is a sensitive and high-throughput approach that could investigate the intrinsic causes of adverse health effects caused by SiNPs. The current investigation represented the first in vivo metabolomics study examining the chronic pulmonary toxicity of SiNPs at a low dosage, mimicking real human exposure situation.

Redox-Active Ferrocene Quencher-Based Supramolecular Nanomedicine for NIR-II Fluorescence-Monitored Chemodynamic Therapy.

Real-time monitoring of hydroxyl radical (⋅OH) generation is crucial for both the efficacy and safety of chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Although ⋅OH probe-integrated CDT agents can track ⋅OH production by themselves, they often require complicated synthetic procedures and suffer from self-consumption of ⋅OH. Here, we report the facile fabrication of a self-monitored chemodynamic agent (denoted as Fc-CD-AuNCs) by incorporating ferrocene (Fc) into β-cyclodextrin (CD)-functionalized gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) via host-guest molecular recognition.

Real-Time Recognition Method for Key Signals of Rock Fracture Acoustic Emissions Based on Deep Learning.

The characteristics of acoustic emission signals generated in the process of rock deformation and fission contain rich information on internal rock damage. The use of acoustic emissions monitoring technology can analyze and identify the precursor information of rock failure. At present, in the field of acoustic emissions monitoring and the early warning of rock fracture disasters, there is no real-time identification method for a disaster precursor characteristic signal.

Engineering Single-Atom Nanozymes for Catalytic Biomedical Applications.

Nanomaterials with enzyme-mimicking properties, coined as nanozymes, are a promising alternative to natural enzymes owing to their remarkable advantages, such as high stability, easy preparation, and favorable catalytic performance. Recently, with the rapid development of nanotechnology and characterization techniques, single atom nanozymes (SAzymes) with atomically dispersed active sites, well-defined electronic and geometric structures, tunable coordination environment, and maximum metal atom utilization are developed and exploited. With superior catalytic performance and selectivity, SAzymes have made impressive progress in biomedical applications and are expected to bridge the gap between artificial nanozymes and natural enzymes.

Ferritinophagy was involved in long-term SiNPs exposure induced ferroptosis and liver fibrosis.

SiNPs could induce liver fibrosis, but the mechanism was not completely clear. This study focused on exploring whether long-term SiNPs exposure at human-related exposure dosage could lead to ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis and liver fibrosis. , long-term SiNPs exposure induced liver fibrosis inrats accompanied by ferritinophagy and ferroptosis in hepatocytes.

Iron-siRNA Nanohybrids for Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy via Ferritin Heavy Chain Downregulation.

Ferrous iron (Fe ) has more potent hydroxyl radical (⋅OH)-generating ability than other Fenton-type metal ions, making Fe-based nanomaterials attractive for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). However, because Fe can be converted by ferritin heavy chain (FHC) to nontoxic ferric form and then sequestered in ferritin, therapeutic outcomes of Fe-mediated CDT agents are still far from satisfactory. Here we report the synthesis of siRNA-embedded Fe nanoparticles (Fe -siRNA NPs) for self-reinforcing CDT via FHC downregulation.

Amplification of Lipid Peroxidation by Regulating Cell Membrane Unsaturation To Enhance Chemodynamic Therapy.

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is one of the most damaging processes in chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Although it is well known that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are much more susceptible than saturated or monounsaturated ones to LPO, there is no study exploring the effect of cell membrane unsaturation degree on CDT. Here, we report a self-reinforcing CDT agent (denoted as OA@Fe-SAC@EM NPs), consisting of oleanolic acid (OA)-loaded iron single-atom catalyst (Fe-SAC)-embedded hollow carbon nanospheres encapsulated by an erythrocyte membrane (EM), which promotes LPO to improve chemodynamic efficacy via modulating the degree of membrane unsaturation.

Enhancing Catalytic Activity of a Nickel Single Atom Enzyme by Polynary Heteroatom Doping for Ferroptosis-Based Tumor Therapy.

As a rising generation of nanozymes, single atom enzymes show significant promise for cancer therapy, due to their maximum atom utilization efficiency and well-defined electronic structures. However, it remains a tremendous challenge to precisely produce a heteroatom-doped single atom enzyme with an expected coordination environment. Herein, we develop an anion exchange strategy for precisely controlled production of an edge-rich sulfur (S)- and nitrogen (N)-decorated nickel single atom enzyme (S-N/Ni PSAE).

Co-exposure of PM and high-fat diet induce lipid metabolism reprogramming and vascular remodeling.

Fine particulate matter (PM) exposure has been proved to increase the cardiovascular disease risk. However, there is a lack of comprehensive knowledge on whether a high-fat diet (HFD) affects PM-induced cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impairment of lipid metabolism and vascular function by PM and HFD exposure in ApoE mice.

Melatonin alleviates PM -induced glucose metabolism disorder and lipidome alteration by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM ) was associated with an increased incidence of liver metabolic disease. Melatonin has been shown to prevent liver glucolipid metabolism disorders. However, whether melatonin could rescue PM -induced liver metabolic abnormalities remains uncertain.

Combined exposure to PM and high-fat diet facilitates the hepatic lipid metabolism disorders via ROS/miR-155/PPARγ pathway.

Environmental fine particulate matter (PM), which has attracted worldwide attention, is associated with the progression of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, it is unclear whether dietary habit exacerbate liver damage caused by PM. The current study aimed to investigate the combined negative effects of PM and high-fat diet (HFD) on liver lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice.

Impact of PM exposure on plasma metabolome in healthy adults during air pollution waves: A randomized, crossover trial.

Air pollution, especially PM (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm) in China, is severe and related to a variety of diseases while the potential mechanisms have not been clearly clarified yet. This study was conducted using a randomized crossover trial protocol among young and healthy college students.

Microarray analysis of mRNA expression profiles in liver of ob/ob mice with real-time atmospheric PM exposure.

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the association between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the potential biological mechanism is largely unknown. Our study was aimed to explore the impact of PM on the transcriptome level in the liver of ob/ob mice by atmosphere PM whole-body dynamic exposure system, and meanwhile preliminarily investigated the effects of metformin intervention in this process.

Metabolomics-based safety evaluation of acute exposure to electronic cigarettes in mice.

Introduction: A growing number of epidemiological evidence reveals that electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) were associated with pneumonia, hypertension and atherosclerosis, but the toxicological evaluation and mechanism of E-cigs were largely unknown.

Objective: Our study was aimed to explore the adverse effects on organs and metabolomics changes in C57BL/6J mice after acute exposure to E-cigs.

Methods And Results: Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining found pathological changes in tissues after acute exposure to E-cigs, such as inflammatory cell infiltration, nuclear pyknosis, and intercellular interstitial enlargement.

Effects of ambient air pollution on glycosylated hemoglobin: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental health problems in the world; accumulative studies have shown that air pollution was closely related to metabolism disorders. HbA1c is a stable indicator for blood glucose level monitoring. However, studies on the impact of ambient air pollution on HbA1c have inconsistent conclusions.

Silica nanoparticles induce pyroptosis and cardiac hypertrophy via ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway.

Growing literatures suggest that silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) exposure is correlated with adverse cardiovascular effects. Cardiac hypertrophy is one of the most common risk factors for heart failure. However, whether SiNPs involved in cardiac hypertrophy and the underlying mechanisms was remained unexploited.

Silica nanoparticles induce pulmonary autophagy dysfunction and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via p62/NF-κB signaling pathway.

It has been reported that silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) could cause epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of pulmonary EMT after subacute exposure to SiNPs. The results showed intratracheal instillation of SiNPs increased the pulmonary MDA content, while decreased the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in rats.

Adverse outcome pathway of fine particulate matter leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: An integrated perspective from toxicology and epidemiology.

Fine particulate matter (PM) exposure is a major threat to public health, and is listed as one of the leading factors associated with global premature mortality. Among the adverse health effects on multiple organs or tissues, the influence of PM exposure on cardiovascular system has drawn more and more attention. Although numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms responsible for the cardiovascular toxicity of PM, the various mechanisms have not been integrated due to the variety of the study models, different levels of toxicity assessment endpoints, etc.