Urges to move and struggles to breathe: restless legs syndrome/WillisEkbom disease in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Purpose: Recent evidences pointed out that the prevalence of comorbidity of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is around 20%. Nonetheless its association factors have not been extensively evaluated after the recent modification in diagnostic criteria. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of RLS/WED and its association factors with OSA in an adult sample.

Brazilian headache registry: methods and preliminary data of the pilot study.

Background: Evaluation and treatment of primary and secondary headaches is a global public health challenge. Recognizing the epidemiological impact of headaches, a group of researchers linked to the Brazilian Headache Society proposed the Brazilian Headache Registry and drew up its initial protocol.

Objective: Here we describe the methods and preliminary data obtained from the pilot study.

Consensus of the Brazilian Headache Society (SBCe) for prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine: part II.

Background: Migraine affects 1 billion people worldwide and > 30 million Brazilians; besides, it is an underdiagnosed and undertreated disorder.

Objective: The need to disseminate knowledge about the prophylactic treatment of migraine is known, so the Brazilian Headache Society (SBCe, in the Portuguese acronym) appointed a committee of authors with the objective of establishing a consensus with recommendations on the prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine based on articles from the world literature as well as from personal experience.

Methods: Meetings were held entirely online, with the participation of 12 groups that reviewed and wrote about the pharmacological categories of drugs and, at the end, met to read and finish the document.

Consensus of the Brazilian Headache Society (SBCe) for the Prophylactic Treatment of Episodic Migraine: part I.

The Brazilian Headache Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Cefaleia, SBCe, in Portuguese) nominated a Committee of Authors with the aim of establishing a consensus with recommendations regarding prophylactic treatment for episodic migraine based on articles published in the worldwide literature, as well as personal experience. Migraine affects 1 billion people around the world and more than 30 million Brazilians. In addition, it is an underdiagnosed and undertreated disorder.

Who is in charge when I have a headache? Brazilian version of the Headache-Specific Locus of Control Scale.

Background: Headache-Specific Locus of Control (LOC) refers to individuals' beliefs about their control over the onset, course and consequences of headaches. LOC beliefs have been associated with depression, coping strategies, headache-related disability and treatment outcomes.

Objective: To test the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of a Brazilian version of the Headache-Specific Locus of Control Scale (HSLC).

Resolution of headache after reduction of prolactin levels in hyperprolactinemic patients.

Methods: Prolactin (PRL) secreting adenomas are associated with high incidence of headache. The role of hyperprolactinemia in the headache context is not clear, nor is the effect of its treatment on headache. The present longitudinal study evaluated hyperprolactinemic patients (69), in terms of presence and characteristics of headache before and after hyperprolactinemia treatment.

The worst is yet to come: probable sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a well-controlled HIV patient.

We describe a case of probable sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the setting of well-controlled HIV and discuss whether exist, in fact, HIV-related factors that may predispose to the development of prion disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third report of this association.

Consensus of the Brazilian Headache Society on the treatment of chronic migraine.

Chronic migraine poses a significant personal, social and economic burden and is characterized by headache present on 15 or more days per month for at least three months, with at least eight days of migrainous headache per month. It is frequently associated with analgesic or acute migraine medication overuse and this should not be overlooked. The present consensus was elaborated upon by a group of members of the Brazilian Headache Society in order to describe current evidence and to provide recommendations related to chronic migraine pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment.

Association between neurological injury and the severity of oropharyngeal dysphagia after stroke.

Purpose: To associate the degree of biomechanical impairment in the swallowing process with the severity (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale - NIHSS) and type of neurological injury in patients post stroke.

Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted with 42 patients (22 females), aged 65.7 years on average diagnosed with stroke.

Recommendations for the treatment of migraine attacks - a Brazilian consensus.

In this article, a group of experts in headache management of the Brazilian Headache Society developed through a consensus strategic measurements to treat a migraine attack in both the child and the adult. Particular emphasis was laid on the treatment of migraine in women, including at pregnancy, lactation and perimenstrual period.

Bruns' syndrome and racemose neurocysticercosis: a case report.

Cysticercosis is an infection caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium. The parasite may infect the central nervous system, causing neurocysticercosis (NCC). The clinical manifestations depend on load, type, size, location, stage of development of the cysticerci, and the host's immune response against the parasite.

Efficacy and tolerability of combined dipyrone, isometheptene and caffeine in the treatment of mild-to-moderate primary headache episodes.

The efficacy and tolerability of a combination of dipyrone 600 mg, isometheptene 60 mg and caffeine 60 mg for the acute treatment of mild-to-moderate episodic primary headaches were evaluated against paracetamol 1000 mg and placebo. A total of 84 adult patients with two to six primary headache episodes (mild or moderate severity) per month were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter, randomized, two-period crossover study. Patients had a mean of 4.

Dysphagia and cerebrovascular accident: relationship between severity degree and level of neurological impairment.

The aim of this case study was to verify the occurrence of dysphagia in acute ischemic stroke within 48 hours after the onset of the first symptoms, in order to establish a possible relationship between the level of neurologic impairment and the severity degree of dysphagia. After emergency hospital admission, three patients underwent neurological clinical evaluation (general physical examination, neurological examination, and application of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale - NIHSS), and clinical assessment of swallowing using the Protocolo Fonoaudiológico de Avaliação do Risco para Disfagia (PARD--Speech-Language Pathology Protocol for Risk Evaluation for Dysphagia). One of the patients presented functional swallowing (NIHSS score 11), while the other two had mild and moderate oropharyngeal dysphagia (NIHSS scores 15 and 19, respectively).