Contaminated by Its Prior Use: Strategies to Design and Market Refurbished Personal Care Products.

Refurbishment is an effective circular strategy to lengthen a product's lifetime. However, refurbished products that are intimately used, such as personal care products, cause a feeling of unease in consumers because they are perceived to be contaminated. In 15 in-depth online interviews with female users of intense pulsed light (IPL) device living in the Netherlands, we explored why consumers have contamination concerns regarding an IPL device and proposed strategies to decrease these.

Too good to go? Consumers' replacement behaviour and potential strategies for stimulating product retention.

Many products are disposed of before they have reached the end of their functional life. New technological developments and trends in fashion seem to accelerate consumers' replacement of products. From an environmental perspective, such early replacement is undesirable.