ABCG1 orchestrates adipose tissue macrophage plasticity and insulin resistance in obesity by rewiring saturated fatty acid pools.

The mechanisms governing adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) metabolic adaptation during diet-induced obesity (DIO) are poorly understood. In obese adipose tissue, ATMs are exposed to lipid fluxes, which can influence the activation of specific inflammatory and metabolic programs and contribute to the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders. In the present study, we demonstrate that the membrane ATP-binding cassette g1 (Abcg1) transporter controls the ATM functional response to fatty acids (FAs) carried by triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, which are abundant in high-energy diets.

The CEPH aging cohort and biobank: a valuable collection of biological samples from exceptionally long-lived French individuals and their offspring for longevity studies.

The increasing aging of the human population is currently and for the coming decades a major public health issue in many countries, requiring the implementation of global public health policies promoting healthy and successful aging. Individuals are not equal in the face of aging and some can present exceptional healthspan and/or lifespan, which are notably influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Research and studies on human aging, healthy aging and longevity should rely in particular on cohorts of long-lived individuals, also including biological samples allowing studies on the biology of aging and longevity.

Circulating cell-free nucleic acids of plasma in human aging, healthy aging and longevity: current state of knowledge.

Circulating cell-free nucleic acids (ccfNAs) of plasma are a remarkable source of genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic materials originating from different cells, tissues and organs of an individual. They have been increasingly studied over the past decade as they can carry several important pieces of information about the health status of an individual, which makes them biomarkers of choice for non-invasive diagnosis of numerous diseases and health conditions. However, few studies have investigated variations of plasma ccfNAs in healthy subjects, particularly in relation to aging, healthy aging and longevity, despite the great variability of these biological processes among individuals.

LT-RPA: An Isothermal DNA Amplification Approach for Improved Microsatellite Genotyping and Microsatellite Instability Detection.

Microsatellites are short tandem repeats of one to six nucleotides that are highly polymorphic and extensively used as genetic markers in numerous biomedical applications, including the detection of microsatellite instability (MSI) in cancer. The standard analytical method for microsatellite analysis relies on PCR amplification followed by capillary electrophoresis or, more recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, their amplification during PCR generates undesirable frameshift products known as stutter peaks caused by polymerase slippage, complicating data analysis and interpretation, while very few alternative methods for microsatellite amplification have been developed to reduce the formation of these artifacts.

Centenarians consistently present a younger epigenetic age than their chronological age with four epigenetic clocks based on a small number of CpG sites.

Aging is a progressive time-dependent biological process affecting differentially individuals, who can sometimes present exceptional longevity. Epigenetic alterations are one of the hallmarks of aging, which comprise the epigenetic drift and clock at DNA methylation level. In the present study, we estimated the DNA methylation-based age (DNAmage) using four epigenetic clocks based on a small number of CpGs in French centenarians and semi-supercentenarians (CSSC, n=214) as well as nonagenarians' and centenarians' offspring (NCO, n=143) compared to individuals from the French general population (CG, n=149).

A high-throughput real-time PCR tissue-of-origin test to distinguish blood from lymphoblastoid cell line DNA for (epi)genomic studies.

Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derive from blood infected in vitro by Epstein-Barr virus and were used in several genetic, transcriptomic and epigenomic studies. Although few changes were shown between LCL and blood genotypes (SNPs) validating their use in genetics, more were highlighted for other genomic features and/or in their transcriptome and epigenome. This could render them less appropriate for these studies, notably when blood DNA could still be available.

Critical Role of the Human ATP-Binding Cassette G1 Transporter in Cardiometabolic Diseases.

ATP-binding cassette G1 (ABCG1) is a member of the large family of ABC transporters which are involved in the active transport of many amphiphilic and lipophilic molecules including lipids, drugs or endogenous metabolites. It is now well established that ABCG1 promotes the export of lipids, including cholesterol, phospholipids, sphingomyelin and oxysterols, and plays a key role in the maintenance of tissue lipid homeostasis. Although ABCG1 was initially proposed to mediate cholesterol efflux from macrophages and then to protect against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), it becomes now clear that ABCG1 exerts a larger spectrum of actions which are of major importance in cardiometabolic diseases (CMD).