The association between being breastfed in infancy and risks of cancer in adulthood-a UK Biobank study.

Background: Being breastfed has established benefits for infant health, but its long-term effects on adult diseases, including cancer, remain underexplored. We examined associations between being breastfed in infancy and the risks of common cancers.

Methods: Data from 339,115 participants (191,117 women) enrolled in the UK Biobank with self-reported breastfeeding data were linked to national cancer registries.

Early life body size and puberty markers as predictors of breast cancer risk later in life: A neural network analysis.

Background: The early life factors of birthweight, child weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and pubertal timing are associated with risks of breast cancer. However, the predictive value of these factors in relation to breast cancer is largely unknown. Therefore, using a machine learning approach, we examined whether birthweight, childhood weights, heights, BMIs, and pubertal timing individually and in combination were predictive of breast cancer.

Advancing precision public health for obesity in children.

Worldwide, far too many children and adolescents are living with the disease of obesity. Despite decades of public health initiatives, rates are still rising in many countries. This raises the question of whether precision public health may be a more successful approach to preventing obesity in youth.

Birthweight, childhood body size, and timing of puberty and risks of breast cancer by menopausal status and tumor receptor subtypes.

Background: Associations of birthweight, childhood body size and pubertal timing with breast cancer risks by menopausal status and tumor receptor subtypes are inconclusive. Thus, we investigated these associations in a population-based cohort of Danish women.

Methods: We studied 162,419 women born between 1930 and 1996 from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register.

Body mass index trajectories in childhood and incidence rates of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood: A cohort study.

Aims: We examined associations between five body mass index (BMI) trajectories from ages 6-15 years and register-based adult-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD) with and without adjustment for adult BMI.

Methods: Child and adult BMI came from two Danish cohorts and 13,205 and 13,438 individuals were included in T2D and CHD analyses, respectively. Trajectories were estimated by latent class modelling.

Early life body size, pubertal timing, and risks of benign breast disease in a large cohort of Danish female adolescents and women.

A high childhood body mass index (BMI) may be protective against benign breast disease (BBD), but little is known about the effects of other early life body size measures. Thus, we examined associations between birthweight, childhood BMI, height, and pubertal timing and BBD risks. We included 171,272 girls, born from 1930 to 1996, from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, which contains information on birthweight, childhood anthropometry (7-13 years), age at onset of the growth spurt (OGS), and peak height velocity (PHV).

Trajectories of Infant Weight Gain from Birth to 12 Months and Adult-Onset Coronary Heart Disease.

Objective: To investigate associations between infant weight gain trajectories and coronary heart disease (CHD).

Study Design: We followed 3645 Danish individuals born between 1959 and 1961 with information on weight at birth and at age 2 weeks and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 12 months. Sex-specific weight trajectories were generated using latent class modeling.

Associations of maternal birth weight, childhood height, BMI, and change in height and BMI from childhood to pregnancy with risks of preterm delivery.

Background: It remains unknown whether maternal early life body size and changes in height and BMI from childhood to pregnancy are associated with risks of having a preterm delivery.

Objectives: We investigated whether a woman's birth weight, childhood height, BMI, and changes in height and BMI from childhood to pregnancy were associated with preterm delivery.

Methods: We studied 47,947 nulliparous women born from 1940 to 1996 who were included in the Copenhagen School Health Records Register with information on birth weight and childhood heights and weights at ages 7 and/or 13 years.

Birthweight, Childhood Body Mass Index, Height and Growth, and Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Introduction: Adult obesity is linked with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the importance of body size at ages before PCOS is diagnosed is unknown.

Objective: To investigate associations between a woman's own birthweight, childhood body mass index (BMI), height and growth patterns in relation to her risk of PCOS.

Methods: We included 65,665 girls from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, born in the period 1960-1996, with information on birthweight and measured weight and height at the ages of 7-13 years.

Associations between body mass index and height during childhood and adolescence and the risk of coronary heart disease in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Body mass index (BMI) at child and adolescent ages is positively associated with adult coronary heart disease (CHD) whereas height at these ages may be inversely associated with CHD. However, potential effects of age, sex, and socioeconomic status on associations between BMI and CHD are less investigated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of BMI and height at ages 2-19 years in relation to adult CHD and examined effects of age, sex, socioeconomic status, and other factors.

Risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in nulliparous women - Associations with early life body size and change in body mass index from childhood to adulthood.

Aims: We examined whether a woman's birthweight, childhood height, body mass index (BMI), and BMI changes from childhood to pregnancy were associated with risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: We studied 13,031 women from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register born 1959-1996 with birthweight and measured anthropometric information at ages 7 and/or 13. The diagnosis of GDM (n = 255) was obtained from a national health register.

Associations between body mass index trajectories in childhood and cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood.

Background And Aims: Children with a growth trajectory of overweight have higher levels of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors than children with a normal-weight trajectory. However, less is known about how trajectories of body mass index (BMI) across the rest of the BMI spectrum relate to CVD risk factors and whether adult BMI affects these associations. Our aim was to examine associations between childhood BMI trajectories and adult CVD risk factors.

Associations of childhood BMI and change in BMI from childhood to adulthood with risks of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

Background: Maternal overweight (including obesity) is an established risk factor for gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. However, it is largely unknown whether body size before adulthood relates to these diseases.

Objectives: We examined whether childhood BMI (in kg/m2) and changes in BMI from childhood to adulthood were associated with gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia.

Body mass index and height in relation to type 2 diabetes by levels of intelligence and education in a large cohort of Danish men.

Socioeconomic status (SES) is inversely associated with risks of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated if young men's cognitive function, measured by intelligence test scores and educational level, as determinants of SES modified associations between body mass index (BMI) and height with the risk of T2D. 369 989 young men from the Danish Conscription Database born between 1939 and 1959 with information on measured height, weight, intelligence test scores, and education were linked to the Danish National Patient Register.

Possible Modifiers of the Association Between Change in Weight Status From Child Through Adult Ages and Later Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: We investigated the association between changes in weight status from childhood through adulthood and subsequent type 2 diabetes risks and whether educational attainment, smoking, and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) modify this association.

Research Design And Methods: Using data from 10 Danish and Finnish cohorts including 25,283 individuals, childhood BMI at 7 and 12 years was categorized as normal or high using age- and sex-specific cutoffs (<85th or ≥85th percentile). Adult BMI (20-71 years) was categorized as nonobese or obese (<30.

Birthweight, childhood overweight, height and growth and adult cancer risks: a review of studies using the Copenhagen School Health Records Register.

Background: Most identified risk factors for cancer primarily occur in adulthood. As cancers generally have long latency periods, it is possible that risk factors acting earlier in life and accumulation of risks across the life course are important. Thus, focusing only on adult overweight as a modifiable risk factor may overlook childhood as an important aetiologic time window when body size is relevant for future cancer risks.

Breastfeeding duration in infancy and adult risks of type 2 diabetes in a high-income country.

Observed associations between breastfeeding and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood may be confounded. We examined if the duration of breastfeeding in infancy was associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood after adjustment for a range of prenatal and postnatal risk factors. We prospectively followed 6,044 individuals from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort born 1959-1961.

Associations between adult height and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: Although short adult height is generally associated with increased risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there are large inconsistencies across studies. The aims of this study were to describe and quantify currently available evidence on the association between adult height and T2DM, to examine whether the reported associations differ by sex, and to examine the shapes of the height and T2DM associations.

Methods: Relevant literature was identified using PubMed (1966-May 2018), EMBASE (1947-May 2018) and Google Scholar (May 2018).

Change in body mass index from childhood onwards and risk of adult cardiovascular disease.

Childhood obesity adversely affects the structure and function of the cardiovascular system, but the relationship between excessive weight gain during childhood and adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not fully understood. This review summarizes evidence for associations of change in body mass index (BMI) from childhood onwards with CVD outcomes. We found that excessive gain in BMI from childhood onwards was consistently associated with the presence of CVD risk factors, with increased risks of coronary heart disease, and there were suggestions of associations with stroke, atrial fibrillation and heart failure, but a lack of evidence precludes firm conclusions.