Added prognostic value of DCE blood volume imaging in patients with suspected recurrent or residual glioblastoma-A hybrid [F]FET PET/MRI study.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cerebral blood volume (CBV) measurements improve the diagnosis of recurrent gliomas. The study investigated the prognostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) CBV imaging in treated IDH wildtype glioblastoma when added to MRI or amino acid positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods: Hybrid [F]FET PET/MRI with 2CXM (2-compartment exchange model) DCE from 86 adult patients with suspected recurrent or residual glioblastoma were retrospectively analyzed.

Functional motor network abnormalities associated with levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review.

Parkinson's disease (PD) can be effectively treated with levodopa and dopamine agonists but leads to levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in most patients in the long run. Various functional brain mapping techniques are used to explore alterations in motor networks associated with LID. This pre-registered review (PROSPERO: CRD42022320830) summarizes the motor network abnormalities reported in functional brain mapping studies of patients with LID.

Relation of Insulin Resistance to Brain Glucose Metabolism in Fasting and Hyperinsulinemic States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Context: Abnormal brain glucose metabolism may cause cognitive disease in type 2 diabetes, yet the relation between insulin resistance and brain glucose metabolism has not been systematically described.

Objective: We evaluated the impact of metabolic condition (fasting vs insulin stimulation, e.g.

A prospective clinical study of the influence of oral protein intake on [F]FET-PET uptake and test-retest repeatability in glioma.

Background: O-(2-[F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine positron emission tomography ([F]FET PET) scanning is used in routine clinical management and evaluation of gliomas with a recommended 4 h prior fasting. Knowledge of test-retest variation of [F]FET PET imaging uptake metrics and the impact of accidental protein intake can be critical for interpretation. The aim of this study was to investigate the repeatability of [F]FET-PET metrics and to assess the impact of protein-intake prior to [F]FET PET scanning of gliomas.

[O]HO myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography: Added value of relative stress perfusion deficit in the prediction of significant coronary artery stenosis in a mixedpopulation.

Background: It remains unknown whether estimation of the relative stress perfusion deficit offers added value in the prediction of significant coronary artery stenosis in myocardial perfusion imaging with [O]HO positron emission tomography (PET) in a population with high prevalence of established cardiac disease.

Methods: During eight months, we consecutively included all patients undergoing [O]HO PET and subsequent invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Significant stenosis was defined from ICA as fractional flow reserve ≤.

Long-term prognostic value of [O]HO PET imaging in patients suspected for cerebral hemodynamic insufficiency.

Objectives: Quantitative regional cerebral perfusion (rCBF) measurements using [O]HO PET with arterial cannulation and acetazolamide (ACZ) challenge have been reserved to identify high-risk patients that are candidates for by-pass operation. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of various parameters in quantitative [O]HO PET measurements in patients not subsequently undergoing surgery.

Methods: We identified 32 eligible patients who underwent [O]HO brain PET imaging for suspicion of hemodynamic insufficiency between 2009 and 2020.

Quantitative cellular changes in multiple system atrophy brains.

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a combined symptomatology of parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, autonomic failure and corticospinal dysfunction. In brains of MSA patients, the hallmark lesion is the aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein in oligodendrocytes. Even though the underlying pathological mechanisms remain poorly understood, the evidence suggests that alpha-synuclein aggregation in oligodendrocytes may contribute to the neurodegeneration seen in MSA.

Rb and [O]HO myocardial perfusion PET imaging: a prospective head to head comparison.

Background: Rb PET and [O]HO PET are both validated tracers for myocardical perfusion imaging but have not previously been compared clinically. During our site's transition from Rb to [O]HO PET, we performed a head-to-head comparison in a mixed population with suspected ischemic heart disease.

Methods: A total of 37 patients referred for perfusion imaging due to suspicion of coronary stenosis were examined with both Rb and [O]HO PET on the same day in rest and during adenosine-induced stress.

Diagnostic accuracy of cerebral [F]FDG PET in atypical parkinsonism.

Background: Atypical parkinsonism (AP) often presents with Parkinson's symptoms but has a much worse long-term prognosis. The diagnosis is presently based on clinical criteria, but a cerebral positron emission tomography (PET) scan with [F]fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose ([F]FDG) may assist in the diagnosis of AP such as multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and Lewy body dementia (DLB). Only few studies have evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of [F]FDG PET for separating the diseases in a mixed patient population, which we aim to assess in a retrospective material.

Myocardial Flow Reserve, an Independent Prognostic Marker of All-Cause Mortality Assessed by Rb PET Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: A Danish Multicenter Study.

Background: Rubidium-82 positron emission tomography (Rb PET) myocardial perfusion imaging is used in clinical practice to quantify regional perfusion defects. Additionally, Rb PET provides a measure of absolute myocardial flow reserve (MFR), describing the vasculature state of health. We assessed whether Rb PET-derived MFR is associated with all-cause mortality independently of the extent of perfusion defects.

Bone Turnover in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5D and Healthy Controls - a Quantitative [F]Fluoride PET Study.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in the aging population and increases the risk of fracture 2-4 times. We compared optimized quantitative [F]fluoride PET/CT methods to the reference standard with arterial input function (AIF) to identify a clinically accessible method for evaluation of bone turnover in patients with CKD.

Methods: Ten patients on chronic hemodialysis treatment and ten control patients were recruited.

Coronary Microvascular Disease Assessed by 82-Rubidium Positron Emission Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Is Associated With Small Vessel Disease of the Kidney and Brain.

Background Coronary microvascular disease (CMD) may be part of a systemic small vessel disease that also manifests as neurological impairment and kidney disease. However, clinical evidence supporting a potential link is scarce. We assessed whether CMD is associated with an increased risk of small vessel disease in the kidney and brain.

Sertraline treatment influences [F]FE-PE2I PET imaging for Parkinsonism.

Background: The dopamine transporter (DaT) PET ligand [F]FE-PE2I is used to aid the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. After encountering four patients with a history of daily sertraline use, who all showed atypical findings on [F]FE-PE2I PET, we suspected that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), sertraline, might interfere with the results and lead to globally reduced striatal [F]FE-PE2I binding due to sertraline's high affinity for DaT.

Methods: We rescanned the four patients with [F]FE-PE2I PET after a 5-day sertraline pause.

Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Glucose and Cognitive Tests in Long COVID Patients.

Background: Common long-term sequelae after COVID-19 include fatigue and cognitive impairment. Although symptoms interfere with daily living, the underlying pathology is largely unknown. Previous studies report relative hypometabolism in frontal, limbic and cerebellar regions suggesting focal brain involvement.

[F]FE-PE2I PET is a feasible alternative to [I]FP-CIT SPECT for dopamine transporter imaging in clinically uncertain parkinsonism.

Background: Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging of striatum is clinically used in Parkinson's disease (PD) and neurodegenerative parkinsonian syndromes (PS) especially in the early disease stages. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the recently developed tracer for DAT imaging [F]FE-PE2I PET/CT to the reference standard [I]FP-CIT SPECT.

Methods: Ninety-eight unselected patients referred for DAT imaging were included prospectively and consecutively and evaluated with [F]FE-PE2I PET/CT and [I]FP-CIT SPECT on two separate days.

Automatic detection and delineation of pediatric gliomas on combined [F]FET PET and MRI.

Introduction: Brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the second most common cancer type in children and adolescents. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with radiolabeled amino acids visualizes the amino acid uptake in brain tumor cells compared with the healthy brain tissue, which provides additional information over magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for differential diagnosis, treatment planning, and the differentiation of tumor relapse from treatment-related changes. However, tumor delineation is a time-consuming task subject to inter-rater variability.

Diagnostic yield of simultaneous dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance perfusion measurements and [F]FET PET in patients with suspected recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma.

Purpose: Both amino acid positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) blood volume (BV) measurements are used in suspected recurrent high-grade gliomas. We compared the separate and combined diagnostic yield of simultaneously acquired dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) perfusion MRI and O-(2-[F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([F]FET) PET in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma following standard therapy.

Methods: A total of 76 lesions in 60 hybrid [F]FET PET/MRI scans with DCE MRI from patients with suspected recurrence of anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma were included retrospectively.

Joint EANM/SIOPE/RAPNO practice guidelines/SNMMI procedure standards for imaging of paediatric gliomas using PET with radiolabelled amino acids and [F]FDG: version 1.0.

Positron emission tomography (PET) has been widely used in paediatric oncology. 2-Deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) is the most commonly used radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging. For oncological brain imaging, different amino acid PET radiopharmaceuticals have been introduced in the last years.

Non-invasive quantification of cerebral glucose metabolism using Gjedde-Patlak plot and image-derived input function from the aorta.

Introduction: We aimed at evaluating a Gjedde-Patlak plot and non-invasive image-derived input functions (IDIF) from the aorta to quantify cerebral glucose metabolic rate (CMRglc) in comparison to the reference standard based on sampling the arterial input function (AIF).

Method: Six healthy subjects received 200 MBq [F]FDG simultaneously with the initiation of a three-part dynamic PET recording consisting of a 15 min-recording of the aorta, a 40 min-recording of the brain and finally 2 min-recording of the aorta. Simultaneously, the arterial F concentration was measured via arterial cannulation.

Characterisation of Children's Head Motion for Magnetic Resonance Imaging With and Without General Anaesthesia.

Head motion is one of the major reasons for artefacts in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which is especially challenging for children who are often intimidated by the dimensions of the MR scanner. In order to optimise the MRI acquisition for children in the clinical setting, insights into children's motion patterns are essential. In this work, we analyse motion data from 61 paediatric patients.

Descriptive analysis of long COVID sequelae identified in a multidisciplinary clinic serving hospitalised and non-hospitalised patients.

Background: There are emerging data of long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) comprising a diversity of symptoms. The aim of this study was to systematically describe and measure pulmonary and extra-pulmonary post-COVID-19 complications in relation to acute COVID-19 severity.

Methods: Patients attending a standard of care 3 months post-hospitalisation follow-up visit and those referred by their general practitioner because of persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms were included.

A framework for voxel-based assessment of biological effect after proton radiotherapy in pediatric brain cancer patients using multi-modal imaging.

Introduction: The exact dependence of biological effect on dose and linear energy transfer (LET) in human tissue when delivering proton therapy is unknown. In this study, we propose a framework for measuring this dependency using multi-modal image-based assays with deformable registrations within imaging sessions and across time.

Materials And Methods: 3T MRI scans were prospectively collected from 6 pediatric brain cancer patients before they underwent proton therapy treatment, and every 3 months for a year after treatment.