Management of Neonatal Pain Associated with Circumcision.

Circumcision is a painful procedure that may be performed on newborns. Pain management is provided through pharmacologic and nonpharmacological methods such as administration of anesthetics, analgesia, nutritive sucking, music, and touch during and post procedure. Pain scales may be used to assess physiologic and behavioral changes in the newborn as part of the pain management process.

The seasonal distribution of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is influenced by geography: Epidemiologic findings from a multi-center analysis of 719 disease episodes.

Prior studies have suggested that immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) may display seasonal variation; however, methodologic limitations and sample sizes have diminished the ability to perform a rigorous assessment. This 5-year retrospective study assessed the epidemiology of iTTP and determined whether it displays a seasonal pattern. Patients with both initial and relapsed iTTP (defined as a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type motifs 13 activity <10%) from 24 tertiary centers in Australia, Canada, France, Greece, Italy, Spain, and the US were included.

Associations between Parental Engagement in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Status.

Objective:  This study aimed to (1) determine the effect of neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES), which considers the social and physical environment where a person lives, on parental engagement in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and (2) compare the relationships between parental engagement and individual versus neighborhood-level measures of SES.

Study Design:  In this cohort study, parents ( = 45) of premature neonates ≤34 weeks' gestation were assessed at 2 and 6 weeks after birth from December 2017 to October 2019. Neighborhood-level SES was determined using census data per the Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs' methodology, and parents self-reported their education level as an individual-level measure of SES.

Fine-scale genetic structure in rhizosphere microbial communities associated with (Fabaceae).

Soil microbiota of the rhizosphere are an important extension of the plant phenotype because they impact the health and fitness of host plants. The composition of these communities is expected to differ among host plants due to influence by host genotype. Given that many plant populations exhibit fine-scale genetic structure (SGS), associated microbial communities may also exhibit SGS.

WDR5 represents a therapeutically exploitable target for cancer stem cells in glioblastoma.

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are heterogeneous, treatment-resistant tumors driven by populations of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, few molecular mechanisms critical for CSC population maintenance have been exploited for therapeutic development. We developed a spatially resolved loss-of-function screen in GBM patient-derived organoids to identify essential epigenetic regulators in the SOX2-enriched, therapy-resistant niche and identified WDR5 as indispensable for this population.

The challenges of growing orchids from seeds for conservation: An assessment of asymbiotic techniques.

Lewis Knudson first successfully germinated orchid seeds asymbiotically on artificial medium in 1922. While many orchid species have since been grown asymbiotically, the tremendous variation in how species respond to artificial medium and growth conditions ex situ has also become apparent in the past century. In this study, we reviewed published journal articles on asymbiotic orchid seed germination to provide a summary of techniques used and to evaluate if these differ between terrestrial and epiphytic species, to identify areas where additional research is needed, and to evaluate whether asymbiotic germination could be used more often in ex situ conservation.

Transfusion support for patients with sickle cell disease.

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is an essential treatment for many patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), whose RBCs express hemoglobin S (HbS), a mutated form of hemoglobin A (HbA). Transfusion goals include increasing blood oxygen carrying capacity and decreasing the relative amount of HbS to HbA to mitigate vaso-occlusion in small blood vessels. In situations where correction of severe anemia and reduction in HbS may be achieved without removal of RBCs, simple transfusion may be utilized.

Parental resilience and psychological distress in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Objective: To evaluate the associations between parental resilience and psychological distress during the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization.

Study Design: Observational cohort study of parents of preterm infants (n = 45) admitted to a NICU between December 2017-October 2019. Data on resilience and psychological distress were collected using validated scales.

Three-dimensional organoid culture unveils resistance to clinical therapies in adult and pediatric glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. The inherent cellular diversity and interactions within tumor microenvironments represent significant challenges to effective treatment. Traditional culture methods such as adherent or sphere cultures may mask such complexities whereas three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture systems derived from patient cancer stem cells (CSCs) can preserve cellular complexity and microenvironments.

Altered lipid metabolism marks glioblastoma stem and non-stem cells in separate tumor niches.

Glioblastoma (GBM) displays marked cellular and metabolic heterogeneity that varies among cellular microenvironments within a tumor. Metabolic targeting has long been advocated as a therapy against many tumors including GBM, but how lipid metabolism is altered to suit different microenvironmental conditions and whether cancer stem cells (CSCs) have altered lipid metabolism are outstanding questions in the field. We interrogated gene expression in separate microenvironments of GBM organoid models that mimic the transition between nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor pseudopalisading/perinecrotic tumor zones using spatial-capture RNA-sequencing.

Molecular phylogeny and ancestral biogeographic reconstruction of Platanthera subgenus Limnorchis (Orchidaceae) using target capture methods.

Platanthera is one of the largest genera of temperate orchids in the Holarctic and exemplifies a lineage that has adaptively radiated into diverse habitats within North America, Asia, Europe, North Africa, Borneo, and Sarawak. Major centers of diversity in this genus are North America and eastern Asia. Despite its diversity, a thorough phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus is lacking because no studies have yet sampled taxa exhaustively or developed a robust molecular toolkit.

Fine-Scale Patterns of Genetic Structure in the Host Plant (Fabaceae) and Its Nodulating Rhizobia Symbionts.

In natural plant populations, a fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) can result from limited gene flow, selection pressures or spatial autocorrelation. However, limited gene flow is considered the predominant determinant in the establishment of SGS. With limited dispersal ability of bacterial cells in soil and host influence on their variety and abundance, spatial autocorrelation of bacterial communities associated with plants is expected.

A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Effects of Intervention Intensity and Intervention Style on Outcomes for Young Children With Autism.

Objective: This randomized, multisite, intent-to-treat study tested the effects of 2 levels of treatment intensity (number of hours) and 2 treatment styles on the progress of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We predicted that initial severity of developmental delay or autism symptoms would moderate the effects of intensity and style on progress in 4 domains: autism symptom severity, expressive communication, receptive language, and nonverbal ability.

Method: A total of 87 children with ASD, mean age 23.

Sensory auditory interval perception errors in developmental dyslexia.

Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a heritable condition associated with reading, visual and auditory deficits. Atypical processes involved in low-level sensory coding have been implicated. We tested the contribution made by auditory magnocellular function using a behavioural task which considered the temporal difference between pairs of identical sinewave tones.

The Meningioma Enhancer Landscape Delineates Novel Subgroups and Drives Druggable Dependencies.

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumor with current classification offering limited therapeutic guidance. Here, we interrogated meningioma enhancer landscapes from 33 tumors to stratify patients based upon prognosis and identify novel meningioma-specific dependencies. Enhancers robustly stratified meningiomas into three biologically distinct groups (adipogenesis/cholesterol, mesodermal, and neural crest) distinguished by distinct hormonal lineage transcriptional regulators.

Patterns of Genetic Diversity in Highly Invasive Species: Cogongrass () Expansion in the Invaded Range of the Southern United States (US).

The spatial expansions of invasive organisms in the novel range are generally expected to follow an isolation-by-distance relationship (IBD) if the invasion is biologically driven; however, many invasions are facilitated anthropogenically. This research focused on the extant expansion patterns of cogongrass (). Cogongrass is a widespread invasive species throughout the southern United States (US).

Intertidal triplefin fishes have a lower critical oxygen tension (P), higher maximal aerobic capacity, and higher tissue glycogen stores than their subtidal counterparts.

Decreased oxygen (O) availability (hypoxia) is common in rock pools and challenges the aerobic metabolism of fishes living in these habitats. In this study, the critical O tension (P), a whole animal measure of the aerobic contribution to hypoxia tolerance, was compared between four New Zealand triplefin fishes including an intertidal specialist (Bellapiscis medius), an occasional intertidal inhabitant (Forsterygion lapillum) and two exclusively subtidal species (F. varium and F.

Enhancing interactions during daily routines: A randomized controlled trial of a web-based tutorial for parents of young children with ASD.

Unlabelled: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often experience difficulty participating in everyday home routines, such as bed time or bath time. This randomized controlled trial examined the efficacy of an interactive, web-based parenting tutorial for improving children's engagement in daily routines (i.e.

Thinness pressures in ethnically diverse college women in the United States.

While research consistently supports the negative impact of thinness pressures on body image, this work has primarily utilized White samples in the United States, limiting generalizability to other ethnicities. Further, limited research has examined ethnic differences in thinness pressures from distinct sociocultural influences. This study examined distinct sources of thinness pressures in 598 White, 135 Black, and 131 Hispanic college women in the United States.

Targeting glioma stem cells through combined BMI1 and EZH2 inhibition.

Glioblastomas are lethal cancers defined by angiogenesis and pseudopalisading necrosis. Here, we demonstrate that these histological features are associated with distinct transcriptional programs, with vascular regions showing a proneural profile, and hypoxic regions showing a mesenchymal pattern. As these regions harbor glioma stem cells (GSCs), we investigated the epigenetic regulation of these two niches.

Transcription elongation factors represent in vivo cancer dependencies in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is a universally lethal cancer with a median survival time of approximately 15 months. Despite substantial efforts to define druggable targets, there are no therapeutic options that notably extend the lifespan of patients with glioblastoma. While previous work has largely focused on in vitro cellular models, here we demonstrate a more physiologically relevant approach to target discovery in glioblastoma.

Phylogeography and genetic structure of endemic and (Fabaceae) across the California Channel Islands.

Premise Of The Study: Taxa inhabiting the California Channel Islands exhibit variation in their degree of isolation, but few studies have considered patterns across the entire archipelago. We studied phylogeography of insular and to determine whether infraspecific taxa are genetically divergent and to elucidate patterns of diversification across these islands.

Methods: DNA sequences were collected from nuclear (ADH) and plastid genomes (, , ) from >450 samples on the Channel Islands and California.

Nicotinamide metabolism regulates glioblastoma stem cell maintenance.

Metabolic dysregulation promotes cancer growth through not only energy production, but also epigenetic reprogramming. Here, we report that a critical node in methyl donor metabolism, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), ranked among the most consistently overexpressed metabolism genes in glioblastoma relative to normal brain. NNMT was preferentially expressed by mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs).

Addressing the Cost, Value, And Student Debt in Nursing Education.

The current initiatives to improve the academic preparation of nurses have added emphasis to the presence or prediction of thousands of dollars of debt, which may influence personal decisions about returning to school. In this study, nearly 40% of survey respondents reported less than $25,000 in college debt and 23.5% reported greater than $25,000 of prior college debt.