Pro-inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor from dogs with anterior uveitis and post-operative ocular hypertension following phacoemulsification, primary glaucoma, and normal healthy eyes.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor (AH) from dogs with anterior uveitis and post-operative ocular hypertension (POH) following phacoemulsification, in AH from dogs with primary glaucoma, and in normal healthy eyes with no signs of anterior uveitis or other ocular diseases.

Methods: An exploratory study including 21 samples of AH collected from 15 dogs; post-phacoemulsification with anterior uveitis and POH ('POH group', n = 10 samples), primary glaucoma ('glaucoma group', n = 6 samples), and normal ('normal group', n = 5 samples). Target mass spectrometry via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM-MS) with the Canine Cytokine SpikeMix™ as internal standard was used to measure the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.

Acidic chemical corneal ulceration secondary to nail polish spill in a puppy.

Purpose: To describe the treatment of an acidic chemical corneal ulceration in a puppy secondary to nail polish spilling on and adhering to the cornea.

Case Summary: A 12-week-old neutered male Australian Shepherd mix dog was presented to Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital's (CSU-VTH) Emergency and Urgent Care service acutely after exposure to nail polish spilling on the left eye (OS). Initial ophthalmic examination revealed nail polish adhered to approximately 80% of the cornea with moderate diffuse corneal edema and chemosis, and green nail polish adhered to the skin and fur of the periocular area.

Cataracts and phacoemulsification in the Siberian Husky: A retrospective and multicentric study (2008-2018).

Purpose: To compare cataract characteristics and complications related to cataracts and phacoemulsification in the Siberian Husky (Huskies) versus other canine breeds (non-Huskies).

Animals: A total of 50 Huskies (92 eyes) and 96 non-Huskies (182 eyes) were evaluated.

Methods: Medical records of Huskies (at four university veterinary hospitals, 2008-2018) and non-Huskies (Colorado State University, 2017-2018) diagnosed with cataracts were reviewed.

Investigation of Schirmer tear test-1 for measurement of tear production in cats in various environmental settings and with different test durations.

Objective: To assess reliability of the Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1) for measurement of tear production in cats in various environments, investigate whether sympathetic stimulation impacts measurements, and determine whether meaningful conclusions regarding lacrimation in cats can be drawn from STT-1 measurements obtained with STT strip placement for < 1 minute.

Animals: 176 cats examined in a private practice (n = 100), a feral cat clinic (56), or a veterinary teaching hospital (20).

Procedures: The STT-1 was performed in both eyes of each cat.

Fluorophotometric Assessment of Tear Volume and Turnover Rate in Healthy Dogs and Cats.

The study establishes normative data of tear volume (TV) and tear turnover rate (TTR) in healthy dogs and cats, 2 species commonly used for translational research in ophthalmology. Thirty-six dogs and 24 cats were enrolled, encompassing a variety of breeds with diverse skull conformations (brachycephalic, mesocephalic, and dolichocephalic). Two microliters of 10% fluorescein were instilled onto the upper bulbar conjunctiva of both eyes, followed by tear collection with 2-μL capillary tubes at 0, 2, 4, 6, 10, 15, and 20 min.

Clinical features of cats with aqueous tear deficiency: a retrospective case series of 10 patients (17 eyes).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical findings, diagnostic test results and response to therapy of cats with Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1) values below the reference interval.

Methods: The medical records of three institutions were searched for cats with ocular surface disease and STT-1 values <9 mm/min, confirmed at two or more separate visits.

Results: Ten cats (17 eyes) were included.

Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of aleglitazar for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with high cardiovascular risk.

Introduction: In preliminary clinical studies, aleglitazar, a new dual PPAR-α-γ agonist, has been demonstrated to improve hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review will provide up-to-date information on the clinical safety and efficacy of aleglitazar, which is currently under Phase III clinical investigation for reduction of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and recent acute coronary syndrome.

Areas Covered: A PubMed literature search (January 1950 to February 2011) was conducted using the following search terms: aleglitazar, PPAR, PPAR α agonist, PPAR γ agonist and PPAR α/γ agonist.