Publications by authors named "Lisa Trieu"
Several human-adapted Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (Mtbc) lineages exhibit a restricted geographical distribution globally. These lineages are hypothesized to transmit more effectively among sympatric hosts, that is, those that share the same geographical area, though this is yet to be confirmed while controlling for exposure, social networks and disease risk after exposure. Using pathogen genomic and contact tracing data from 2,279 tuberculosis cases linked to 12,749 contacts from three low-incidence cities, we show that geographically restricted Mtbc lineages were less transmissible than lineages that have a widespread global distribution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBoth tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 can affect the respiratory system, and early findings suggest co-occurrence of these infectious diseases can result in elevated mortality. A retrospective cohort of patients who were diagnosed with TB and COVID-19 concurrently (within 120 days) between March 2020 and June 2022 in New York City (NYC) was identified. This cohort was compared with a cohort of patients diagnosed with TB-alone during the same period in terms of demographic information, clinical characteristics, and mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Contact tracing is a core strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases of public health concern. Better understanding of the outcomes of contact tracing for COVID-19 as well as the operational opportunities and challenges in establishing a program for a jurisdiction as large as New York City (NYC) is important for the evaluation of this strategy.
Objective: To describe the establishment, scaling, and maintenance of Trace, NYC's contact tracing program, and share data on outcomes during its first 17 months.
Importance: Recognition of active tuberculosis (TB) in its earliest stages could reduce morbidity and prevent advancement to transmissible disease. Little is published about the occurrence and presentation of sputum culture-negative pulmonary TB (PTB), an early paucibacillary but often underrecognized disease state.
Objective: To assess differences between culture-negative and culture-positive PTB regarding occurrence, clinical presentation, radiographic findings, demographics, and comorbidities.
Background: Treatment outcomes for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis remain poor. We aimed to estimate the association of treatment success and death with the use of individual drugs, and the optimal number and duration of treatment with those drugs in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Methods: In this individual patient data meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify potentially eligible observational and experimental studies published between Jan 1, 2009, and April 30, 2016.
Background: Isoniazid-resistant, rifampicin-susceptible (INH-R) tuberculosis is the most common form of drug resistance, and is associated with failure, relapse, and acquired rifampicin resistance if treated with first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. The aim of the study was to compare success, mortality, and acquired rifampicin resistance in patients with INH-R pulmonary tuberculosis given different durations of rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide (REZ); a fluoroquinolone plus 6 months or more of REZ; and streptomycin plus a core regimen of REZ.
Methods: Studies with regimens and outcomes known for individual patients with INH-R tuberculosis were eligible, irrespective of the number of patients if randomised trials, or with at least 20 participants if a cohort study.
The presence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in young children indicates recent tuberculosis (TB) transmission. We reviewed surveillance reports of children with LTBI to assess whether more follow-up is needed to prevent TB in this high-risk population. Data on all children under 5 years of age who were reported by health-care providers or laboratories to the New York City Department of Health during 2006-2012 were abstracted from the TB surveillance and case management system, and those with LTBI were identified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an important global public health threat, but accurate estimates of MDR-TB burden among children are lacking.
Methods: We analyzed demographic, clinical, and laboratory data for newly diagnosed pediatric (age <15 years) TB cases reported to the US National TB Surveillance System during 1993-2014. MDR-TB was defined as culture-confirmed TB disease with resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin.
Objective: To determine rates of reportable bacterial infections among infants in New York City and identify populations at risk and preventable causes of morbidity.
Study Design: This retrospective cohort study matched live births in New York City from 2001-2009 to reported cases of bacterial infections among infants less than 1 year of age. Characteristics recorded on birth certificates were compared between infants with bacterial enteric infection, bacterial nonenteric infection, and no reportable bacterial infection.
Background: Electronic health data may improve the timeliness and accuracy of resource-intense contact investigations (CIs) in healthcare settings.
Methods: In September 2013, we initiated a CI around a healthcare worker (HCW) with infectious tuberculosis (TB) who worked in a maternity ward. Two sources of electronic health data were employed: hospital-based electronic medical records (EMRs), to identify patients exposed to the HCW, and an electronic immunization registry, to obtain contact information for exposed infants and their providers at two points during follow-up.
Contact Investigations Around Mycobacterium tuberculosis Patients Without Positive Respiratory Culture.
J Public Health Manag Pract
March 2017
Objective: To evaluate the yield and effectiveness of contact investigations conducted around potentially infectious tuberculosis (TB) patients with no positive respiratory culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in New York City (NYC).
Design: All TB patients without a positive respiratory culture from 2003 to 2012 were extracted from the NYC TB registry, and all patients eligible for contact investigation and their contacts were evaluated. Patients without a positive respiratory culture were defined as eligible for contact investigation if they had a respiratory nucleic acid amplification result positive for M tuberculosis, a cavitary chest radiograph, or a positive respiratory acid-fast bacilli smear.
Background: Elimination of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States requires treating not only persons with active disease but also those infected with TB. Achieving this goal requires understanding local TB infection prevalence and identifying subgroups at increased risk for infection and disease.
Methods: The study population included all patients tested with an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) test at New York City (NYC) public TB clinics from October 1, 2006 to December 31, 2011.
Contacts of persons infected with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) have few prophylaxis options. Of 50 contacts of HIV- and MDR TB-positive persons who were treated with moxifloxacin, 30 completed treatment and 3 discontinued treatment because of gastrointestinal symptoms. Moxifloxacin was generally well-tolerated; further research of its efficacy against MDR TB is needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Patients with prior positive tuberculin skin test (TST) results may benefit from prophylaxis after repeat exposure to infectious tuberculosis (TB).
Objective: To evaluate factors associated with active TB disease among persons with prior positive TST results named as contacts of persons with infectious TB.
Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study.
Objectives: We have described the characteristics of South Asian-born tuberculosis (TB) patients living in New York City (NYC) and compared them with other foreign-born patients to explore possible explanations for the disproportionate burden of TB in the South Asian population.
Methods: We used data on demographic and clinical characteristics for TB patients identified by the NYC Bureau of Tuberculosis Control from 2001 to 2010 to compare South Asian patients with other Asian and other foreign-born patients. We reviewed genotyping and cluster investigation data for South Asian patients to assess the extent of genotype clustering and the possibility of local transmission in this population.
Using QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube for field-based tuberculosis contact investigations in congregate settings.
J Public Health Manag Pract
January 2014
Article Synopsis
- Contact investigations are essential for controlling tuberculosis (TB) in the U.S., traditionally relying on the tuberculin skin test for detection.
- Newer tests like the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube aim to overcome some limitations of the skin test but have limited data on their effectiveness in crowded settings.
- The text discusses two field investigations that demonstrate both the benefits and challenges of using the QuantiFERON-TB test in these types of investigations.
Tuberculosis rates among HIV-infected persons in New York City, 2001-2005.
Am J Public Health
June 2010
We calculated population-based tuberculosis (TB) rates among HIV-infected persons in New York City from 2001 through 2005 using data from the city's TB and HIV/AIDS surveillance registries, and we examined those rates using linear trend tests and incidence rate ratios (IRRs). HIV-infected individuals had 16 times the TB rate of a "non-HIV" population (HIV status negative or unknown; IRR = 16.0; 95% confidence interval = 14.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: To assess the relation between strength of graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws and motor vehicle (MV) injury burden, this study examined injury mortality, hospitalizations and related charges for 15 year to 17 year olds in 36 states by strength of GDL legislation.
Methods: Data sources include the CDC's Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) and the 2003 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Kids' Inpatient database (KID). Hospital admissions for injuries in 15 year to 17 year olds (n = 49,520) are unweighted.
Background: Although most states have infant restraint laws, booster seat legislation for older children has not been implemented universally despite evidence of effectiveness. We examined injury and expenditures for motor vehicle traffic (MV) occupant injury among 3 year to 8 year olds covered versus uncovered by booster seat legislation.
Methods: Age, state of residence/hospitalization, and month of injury were used to examine injury, deaths, and expenditures due to MV occupant injury in children covered versus uncovered by booster seat legislation.
Background: Examination of expenditures in areas where more universal application of effective injury prevention approaches is indicated could identify specific mechanisms and age groups where effective intervention may impact public injury-related expenditures.
Methods: The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project 2003 (KID-HCUP) contains acute care hospitalization data for U.S.