Comprehensive transthoracic echocardiographic evaluation of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: a multimodal imaging approach in an animal model.

Aims: Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity has high incidence rates and causes significant mortality among cancer survivors. Damage to myocardial tissue leads to left ventricular (LV) dilation with systolic dysfunction, typically assessed through echocardiographic measurement of LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and volumes. Early detection is crucial for improving patient outcomes.