Mindfulness-Based Interventions Targeting Modifiable Lifestyle Behaviors Associated With Brain Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

A systematic review and meta-analysis investigated randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) targeting lifestyle behaviors commonly associated with brain health in adults. Data sources included Ovid Medline, Ovid PsycINFO, CINAHL [EBSCO], Embase, Cochrane Library [Ovid], Web of Science, and https://ClinicalTrials.gov.

Geriatric Assessment in Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The prevalence of colorectal surgery among older adults is expected to rise due to the aging population. Geriatric conditions (e.g.

Design, Recruitment, and Implementation of Research Interventions Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness: A Systematic Review.

Transitional age youth experiencing homelessness (TAY-EH) represent an underserved and understudied population. While an increasing number of empirical interventions have sought to address the high burden of psychopathology in this population, findings remain mixed regarding intervention effectiveness. In this systematic review of behavioral health interventions for TAY-EH, we sought to examine the structural framework in which these interventions take place and how these structures include or exclude certain populations of youth.

Representation of race and ethnicity among cancer survivors in trials of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I): A systematic review.

Purpose: For cancer survivors, insomnia is highly prevalent and debilitating. Although cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is recognized as a gold standard treatment, it is unclear whether benefits of treatment generalize to racial and ethnic minorities in the USA. This systematic review characterizes the representation of racial and ethnic diversity among cancer survivors in CBT-I clinical trials and provides recommendations for research in sleep/cancer survivorship.

Improving access to safe, quality surgical care for gynecologic cancers through capacity-building interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review.

Background: Following the launch of the World Health Organization's Strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer, diagnosis is expected to increase, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A well-integrated surgical system is critical to treat cervical cancer. Two major approaches have been employed to build human capacity: task-sharing and training of gynecologic oncologists (GynOncs).

Do Tobacco Treatment Trials Address Disparities in Smoking Outcomes Among Black and Hispanic Cancer Patients? A Systematic Review of Smoking Cessation Interventions for Black and Hispanic Patients Diagnosed with Cancer.

Objective: To characterize the representation of Black and Hispanic cancer patients in tobacco treatment trials, and to offer recommendations for future research.

Methods: We conducted two systematic searches of the literature (2018, 2021) using 5 databases (MEDLINE via EBSCO, Pubmed, PsycInfo, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE)) to examine the prevalence of tobacco trials that included Black or Hispanic cancer patients. Two coders independently screened all articles at title, abstract, and full-text to identify eligible trials.

Mpox exposure and transmission in healthcare settings during the 2022 global outbreak.

Purpose Of Review: The risk of nosocomial transmission of mpox during the 2022 global outbreak is not well described. We evaluated reports of exposures to healthcare personnel (HCP) and patients in healthcare settings and risk of transmission.

Recent Findings: Reported nosocomial transmission of mpox has been rare and associated primarily with sharps injuries and breaches in transmission-based precautions.

Smoking Behaviors Among Black and Hispanic Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. The risk of smoking poses an even greater threat for racial/ethnic minorities, particularly Black and Hispanic cancer patients who face a range of existing disparities in healthcare. Despite these risks for poor health outcomes among this population, little is known about the smoking behaviors of Black and Hispanic cancer patients.

Burden, clinical features and outcomes of post-tuberculosis lung disease in sub-Saharan Africa: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is significantly associated with multiple postinfectious, non-communicable diseases after microbiological cure. For example, those with a history of TB disease have a higher risk of developing chronic lung diseases at a younger age. However, the extent and nature of post-TB complications are not well described.

Financial burden in adults with chronic liver disease: A scoping review.

The economic burden of chronic liver disease is rising; however, the financial impact of chronic liver disease on patients and families has been underexplored. We performed a scoping review to identify studies examining financial burden (patient/family health care expenditures), financial distress (material, behavioral, and psychological consequences of financial burden), and financial toxicity (adverse health outcomes of financial distress) experienced by patients with chronic liver disease and their families. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science online databases for articles published since the introduction of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score for liver transplantation allocation in February 2002 until July 2021.

A Systematic Review of Interventions That Integrate Perinatal Mental Health Care Into Routine Maternal Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Background: Women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are disproportionally affected by perinatal depression and anxiety and lack access to mental health care. Integrating perinatal mental health care into routine maternal care is recommended to address gaps in access to mental health care in such under-resourced settings. Understanding the effectiveness of interventions that integrate perinatal mental health care into routine maternal care in LMICs is critical to inform ongoing intervention development, implementation, and scale-up.

Is There An Association Between Bundled Payments and "Cherry Picking" and "Lemon Dropping" in Orthopaedic Surgery? A Systematic Review.

Background: The goal of bundled payments-lump monetary sums designed to cover the full set of services needed to provide care for a condition or medical event-is to provide a reimbursement structure that incentivizes improved value for patients. There is concern that such a payment mechanism may lead to patient screening and denying or providing orthopaedic care to patients based on the number and severity of comorbid conditions present associated with complications after surgery. Currently, however, there is no clear consensus about whether such an association exists.

Thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, meglitinides, sulfonylureas, and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Effects of second-line oral antidiabetic medications on incident HCC risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus remain unclear. This study evaluated associations between sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and incident HCC risk.

Aspirin Use Is Associated with a Reduced Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with a growing incidence and poor prognosis. While some recent studies suggest an inverse association between aspirin use and reduced HCC incidence, other data are conflicting. To date, the precise magnitude of risk reduction-and whether there are dose-dependent and duration-dependent associations-remains unclear.

Bleeding with vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitor: A network meta-analysis.

Background: Targeted therapies like vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs) are the first-choice treatment in several types of cancers. We aim to determine the comparative risk of bleeding events associated with the VEGFR-TKIs through a network meta-analysis.

Methods: Published data search up to November 2018 reporting bleeding in cancer patients treated with VEGFR-TKIs was performed.

Physical and Behavioral Health Characteristics of Aging Homeless Women in the United States: An Integrative Review.

The average age of the homeless population is and will continue to rise. Although women comprise a significant and growing percentage of this vulnerable population, their age- and sex-specific health characteristics are poorly understood. This integrative review appraises published research addressing the physical and behavioral health characteristics of aging homeless women (≥50 years) in the United States (2000-2019).

Health Literacy and Health Outcomes Among Children With Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review.

Developmental disabilities (DDs) are prevalent and associated with health disparities among children. Family health literacy of parents and/or children is one modifiable factor associated with child health; however, little is known about family health literacy for children with DDs. This systematic review was conducted to determine evidence on associations of health literacy with health outcomes among children with DDs.

Triggered Palliative Care Consults: A Systematic Review of Interventions for Hospitalized and Emergency Department Patients.

Context: Palliative care improves the quality of care and may reduce utilization, but delays or the absences of such services are common and costly in inpatient and emergency department settings. Triggered palliative care consults (PCCs) offer one way to identify patients who would benefit from palliative care and to connect them with services early in their course. Consensus reports recommend use of triggers to identify patients for PCC, but no standards exist to guide trigger design or implementation.

Current state of science in machine learning methods for automatic infant pain evaluation using facial expression information: study protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Infants can experience pain similar to adults, and improperly controlled pain stimuli could have a long-term adverse impact on their cognitive and neurological function development. The biggest challenge of achieving good infant pain control is obtaining objective pain assessment when direct communication is lacking. For years, computer scientists have developed many different facial expression-centred machine learning (ML) methods for automatic infant pain assessment.

Examining Risk: A Systematic Review of Perioperative Cardiac Risk Prediction Indices.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of published cardiac risk indices relevant to patients undergoing noncardiac surgery and to provide clinically meaningful recommendations to physicians regarding the use of these indices.

Methods: A literature search of articles published from January 1, 1999, through December 28, 2018, was conducted in Ovid (MEDLINE), PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Publications describing models predicting risk of cardiac complications after noncardiac surgery were included and citation chaining was used to identify additional studies for inclusion.