Emotion Processing and Its Relationship to Social Functioning and Symptoms in Psychotic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Emotion processing (EP) is impaired in individuals with psychosis and associated with social functioning; however, it is unclear how symptoms fit into this relationship. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine interrelationships between EP, symptoms, and social functioning, test whether different symptom domains mediate the relationship between EP and social functioning, and examine the moderating effects of illness stage and EP task type.

Study Design: MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies that included individuals with psychosis and reported correlations between EP, symptom domains (positive, negative, depressive, and disorganization), and social functioning.

Development and temporal validation of a clinical prediction model of transition to psychosis in individuals at ultra-high risk in the UHR 1000+ cohort.

The concept of ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) has been at the forefront of psychiatric research for several decades, with the ultimate goal of preventing the onset of psychotic disorder in high-risk individuals. Orygen (Melbourne, Australia) has led a range of observational and intervention studies in this clinical population. These datasets have now been integrated into the UHR 1000+ cohort, consisting of a sample of 1,245 UHR individuals with a follow-up period ranging from 1 to 16.

Development and validation of the positive evaluation core beliefs scale for social anxiety.

Fear of positive evaluation (FPE) is becoming recognised as an important component of social anxiety that is distinct from fear of negative evaluation (FNE). While core belief scales exist for fear of negative evaluation (FNE), none has been developed for FPE. Therefore, this paper describes the development and validation of a measure of core beliefs that is specific to FPE.

Perfect Enough to Sleep? Perfectionism and Actigraphy-Determined Markers of Insomnia.

Objectives: Perfectionism is an important factor in insomnia development and maintenance. Previous studies exploring the relationship between perfectionism and insomnia have predominantly relied on self-reported sleep measures. Therefore, this study sought to assess whether actigraphy-measured sleep parameters were associated with perfectionism.

An open label pilot trial of low-dose lithium for young people at ultra-high risk for psychosis.

Aim: Lithium, even at low doses, appears to offer neuroprotection against a wide variety of insults. In this controlled pilot, we examined the safety (i.e.

A brain model of altered self-appraisal in social anxiety disorder.

The brain's default mode network has a central role in the processing of information concerning oneself. Dysfunction in this self-referential processing represents a key component of multiple mental health conditions, particularly social anxiety disorder (SAD). This case-control study aimed to clarify alterations to network dynamics present during self-appraisal in SAD participants.

High Incidence of Soft Tissue Injury in Pediatric Proximal Tibia Fractures: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of soft tissue injuries associated with pediatric proximal tibial fractures (PPTF) and the frequency that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used before surgery in this patient population.

Methods: A systematic review of English literature, using EMBASE and PubMed, was completed. Articles reporting on soft tissue injury in PPTFs between 1980 and 2021 were identified.

Childhood trauma is prevalent and associated with co-occurring depression, anxiety, mania and psychosis in young people attending Australian youth mental health services.

Objectives: Childhood trauma is common and associated with mental ill health. While high rates of trauma are observed across individual disorders, there is evidence that trauma is associated with an admixture of affective, anxiety and psychotic symptoms in adults. Given that early onset of mental disorder and trauma exposure herald poor outcomes, it is important to examine trauma prevalence rates in youth mental health services and to determine whether this trauma-related clustering is present in help-seeking young people.

A New Podcast for Reducing Stigma Against People Living With Complex Mental Health Issues: Co-design Study.

Background: Mental illness stigma refers to damaging stereotypes and emotional responses around the experience of mental health issues. Media-based interventions have the potential to reduce the public's stigmatizing attitudes by improving mental health literacy, emotional appeal, and the intimacy of address. As audio-based media facilitating storytelling, podcasts show potential for reducing stigma; however, it is unclear what features could make a podcast effective or engaging.

Does prediction error during exposure relate to clinical outcomes in cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder? A study protocol.

Facing your fears, or exposure therapy, is an effective psychological intervention for anxiety disorders that is often thought to work through fear extinction learning. Fear extinction learning is a type of associative learning where fear reduces through repeated encounters with a feared situation or stimulus in the absence of aversive outcomes. Laboratory research suggests fear extinction learning is driven by threat prediction errors, defined as when fearful predictions do not eventuate.

Barriers to young people seeking help for trauma: A qualitative analysis of Internet forums.

Objective: Exposure to trauma is common in childhood and adolescence and is associated with significant psychopathology. Despite being amenable to treatment, many young people suffering trauma-related distress do not disclose or seek help. Multiple barriers to young people help seeking for mental health concerns have been identified, but very little research has focused on help seeking after trauma exposure.

Pineal morphology of the clinical high-risk state for psychosis and different psychotic disorders.

Background: Pineal volume reductions have been reported in schizophrenia and clinical high-risk states for the development of psychosis, supporting the role of melatonin dysregulation in the pathophysiology of psychosis. However, it remains unclear whether pineal volume is associated with the later onset of psychosis in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) of psychosis or if pineal atrophy is specific to schizophrenia among different psychotic disorders.

Methods: This magnetic resonance imaging study examined the volume of and cyst prevalence in the pineal gland in 135 individuals at CHR of psychosis [52 (38.

The specific phenotype of depression in recent onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A symptom profile and network comparison to recent onset major depressive disorder without psychotic features.

The specific phenotype of depression in recent-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and its relation to non-psychotic depression is unknown. Symptom profile and network analysis are complementary statistical techniques that may provide important insights into the presentation and relative importance of individual symptoms that give rise to depression. The aim of the current study was to characterise the profile and network of depressive symptoms in SSD and compare it to individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) without psychotic features.

Cognitive strengths in first episode psychosis: a thematic analysis of clinicians' perspectives.

Background: Cognitive deficits are associated with poor functional outcomes in individuals recovering from a first episode of psychosis (FEP). Existing treatments that target cognitive deficits in FEP may enhance cognitive function, but improvements to real-world functioning are less consistent. Furthermore, these treatments may not adequately address the personal recovery goals of young people attending FEP services.

Interrelationships between depressive symptoms and positive and negative symptoms of recent onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A network analytical approach.

Objective: There is a need to better understand the interrelationships between positive and negative symptoms of recent-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and co-occurring depressive symptoms. Aims were to determine: (1) whether depressive symptoms are best conceptualised as distinct from, or intrinsic to, positive and negative symptoms; and (2) bridging symptoms.

Methods: Network analysis was applied to data from 198 individuals with depressive and psychotic symptoms in SSD from the Psychosis Recent Onset GRoningen Survey (PROGR-S).

The psychometric validity of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) in recent onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Earlier recognition and accurate assessment of depressive symptoms is important to improving outcomes in individuals with recent-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders (termed SSD hereafter)-regardless of whether positive psychotic symptoms are present or have resolved. The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is frequently used to assess depressive symptoms in SSD, but no study has examined the psychometric validity of MADRS scores in individuals exclusively with SSD and sub-grouped by those with and without positive psychotic symptoms. This study involved baseline data from the Psychosis Recent Onset GRoningen Survey (PROGR-S).

Effect of a novel DNA vaccine against pancreas disease caused by salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

Pancreas disease (PD) caused by salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (SAV3) is a serious disease with large economic impact on farmed Norwegian Atlantic salmon production despite years of use of oil-adjuvanted vaccines against PD (OAVs). In this study, two commercially available PD vaccines, a DNA vaccine (DNAV) and an OAV, were compared in an experimental setting. At approximately 1040° days (dd) at 12 °C post immunization, the fish were challenged with SAV3 by cohabitation 9 days after transfer to sea water.

Maladaptive Perfectionism and Depression: Testing the Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Internalized Shame in an Australian Domestic and Asian International University Sample.

Objectives: To assess whether maladaptive perfectionism (parental and intrapersonal), mediated by self-esteem and internalized shame, lead to depressive symptoms, and to identify whether this model was invariant (i.e., structurally unchanged) across groups of Australian domestic and Asian international students.

Using Latent Class Analysis to Support the ICD-11 Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis in a Sample of Homeless Adults.

The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), ratified at the World Health Assembly in May 2019, introduced revised diagnostic guidelines for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as a separate diagnosis of complex PTSD (CPTSD). We aimed to test the new ICD-11 symptom structure for PTSD and CPTSD in a sample of individuals who have experienced homelessness. Experiences of trauma exposure and the associated mental health outcomes have been underresearched in this population.

Cognitive strengths-based assessment and intervention in first-episode psychosis: A complementary approach to addressing functional recovery?

People who have experienced psychosis describe functional and personal recovery as a key goal of treatment. To date, the early, pervasive and influential role of cognitive impairments in functional recovery in psychosis has been predominantly addressed using approaches aiming to remediate clinically-defined cognitive deficits. Despite acceptance of the recovery and strengths-based model of care for first-episode psychosis (FEP), there has been minimal attention paid to the potential for strengths-based approaches to be extended to cognitive function.

"I'm tired of being pulled from pillar to post": A qualitative analysis of barriers to mental health care for trauma-exposed young people.

Aim: Traumatic experiences in childhood are pervasive and associated with a range of deleterious mental health outcomes. Despite this, trauma-exposed young people often do not seek help from mental health services. While barriers to care for general mental health concerns are well established, less is known about those specifically facing young people who have experienced trauma.

Depressive psychopathology in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Background: Despite knowing for many decades that depressive psychopathology is common in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (FES), there is limited knowledge regarding the extent and nature of such psychopathology (degree of comorbidity, caseness, severity) and its demographic, clinical, functional and treatment correlates. This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of depressive disorder and caseness, and the pooled mean severity of depressive symptoms, as well as the demographic, illness, functional and treatment correlates of depressive psychopathology in FES.

Methods: This systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression was prospectively registered (CRD42018084856) and conducted in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines.

Subjective experiences of neurocognitive functioning in young people with major depression.

Background: Research suggests that young people with major depressive disorder (MDD) experience neurocognitive deficits and that these are associated with poorer functional and clinical outcomes. However, we are yet to understand how young people experience such difficulties. The aim of the current study was to explore the subjective experiences of neurocognitive functioning among young people with MDD.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology, binge eating disorder symptomatology, and body mass index among college students.

To explore the relationship between symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), symptoms of binge eating disorder, and body mass index (BMI) among students at a southern university. Two hundred seventy-seven college students. Between January 31, 2013 and March 27, 2013, participants completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener and the Binge Eating Scale (BES) in addition to permitting researchers to measure their height and weight.