Perspectives and needs of neonatology division directors regarding gender equity.

Gender inequities in pediatrics are extensively documented despite women predominating the workforce. As a landscape assessment of gender equity in university-based neonatology divisions in the United States, we collected gender equity measures from academic neonatology division directors; 83% (n = 106) participated. The majority recognized addressing gender inequity was a middle-to-top priority, though they reported minimal gender inequities in their division.

Encountering deception in virtual spaces: guidelines for virtual ethnography.

This Perspective Essay draws from an experience of deception in virtual fieldwork and considers implications for those designing methodologies for virtual ethnographies. As qualitative field work increasingly takes place within virtual spaces and through virtual means, researchers are faced with critical dilemmas in the processes of data gathering and verification. One of these dilemmas concerns ensuring data validity and facticity if encountered with research subjects who are deceptive about their identity, experiences, or relationship to the field of research.

SARS-CoV-2 infection and female reproductive health: A narrative review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound global impact, affecting people's physical and mental health, and their social and economic circumstances. Mitigation measures have disproportionately affected women. Studies have reported menstrual cycle and psychological disturbance associated with the pandemic.

Female Reproductive Health Disturbance Experienced During the COVID-19 Pandemic Correlates With Mental Health Disturbance and Sleep Quality.

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected population mental health. Periods of psychological distress can induce menstrual dysfunction. We previously demonstrated a significant disruption in women's reproductive health during the first 6 months of the pandemic.

Nitrous oxide-induced myeloneuropathy: an emerging public health issue.

Increasing use of nitrous oxide as a recreational drug has been reported among young adults in western countries over the past decade. We present two cases of young males presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) of a large urban university hospital in Dublin with progressive neurological dysfunction related to nitrous oxide use. We review the pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment of nitrous oxide neurotoxicity.

Pheochromocytoma due to a novel SDHD variant presenting as unilateral visual loss.

Summary: A 53-year-old female presented to a tertiary ophthalmology referral centre complaining of unilateral painless loss of vision. Subsequent assessment revealed malignant hypertension causing right-sided cystoid macular oedema. During the course of secondary hypertension workup, she was diagnosed with a 7.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women's Reproductive Health.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the lives of the global population. It is known that periods of stress and psychological distress can affect women's menstrual cycles. We therefore performed an observational study of women's reproductive health over the course of the pandemic thus far.

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in the Diagnosis of Menstrual Disturbance Due to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of female subfertility worldwide, however due to the heterogeneity of the disorder, the criteria for diagnosis remains subject to conjecture. In the present study, we evaluate the utility of serum Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in the diagnosis of menstrual disturbance due to PCOS. Menstrual cycle length, serum AMH, gonadotropin and sex-hormone levels, total antral follicle count (AFC), body mass index (BMI) and ovarian morphology on ultrasound were analyzed in a cohort of 187 non-obese women, aged 18-35 years, screened for participation in a clinical trial of fertility treatment between 2013 and 2016 at a tertiary reproductive endocrine center.

Quantitative Differences in TGF-β Family Members Measured in Small Antral Follicle Fluids From Women With or Without PCO.

Context: Members of the TGF-β family have been implicated in aberrant follicle development in women with polycystic ovaries (PCO).

Objective: Are there quantitative differences in the concentrations of TGF-β family members in fluid from human small antral follicles (hSAFs) in women with or without PCO?

Design And Setting: Follicle fluids (FFs) were collected from 4- to 11-mm hSAFs obtained from women undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreservation for fertility preservation.

Patients: FFs from 16 women with PCO (FF = 93) and 33 women without PCO (FF = 92).

Gene Expression in Granulosa Cells From Small Antral Follicles From Women With or Without Polycystic Ovaries.

Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulation. A key feature of PCOS is arrest of follicles at the small- to medium-sized antral stage.

Objective And Design: To provide further insight into the mechanism of follicle arrest in PCOS, we profiled (i) gonadotropin receptors; (ii) characteristics of aberrant steroidogenesis; and (iii) expression of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its receptor in granulosa cells (GCs) from unstimulated, human small antral follicles (hSAFs) and from granulosa lutein cells (GLCs).

A Platform and Clinical Model to Enable Medicare's Chronic Care Management Program.

In 2015, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented a new benefit called chronic care management (CCM). A recent CMS-commissioned study of the program showed that CCM is effective in increasing advance care planning and decreasing overall costs. Despite positive effects on care planning, utilization, and cost, the CCM program remains underutilized.

Eliminating Medical Device-Related Pressure Injury From Blood Pressure Cuffs During Continuous Monitoring in the Perioperative Setting: A Novel Approach.

Hospital-acquired pressure injuries have a significant impact on quality of life. Health care organizations continually strive to improve care and patient satisfaction, for the well-being of the patient and the fiscal health of the organization. A commitment to protecting skin and reducing risk for pressure injury in the perioperative setting is gaining momentum.

Community change and resident needs: Designing a Participatory Action Research study in Metropolitan Boston.

The health implications of urban development, particularly in rapidly changing, low-income urban neighborhoods, are poorly understood. We describe the Healthy Neighborhoods Study (HNS), a Participatory Action Research study examining the relationship between neighborhood change and population health in nine Massachusetts neighborhoods. Baseline data from the HNS survey show that social factors, specifically income insecurity, food insecurity, social support, experiencing discrimination, expecting to move, connectedness to the neighborhood, and local housing construction that participants believed would improve their lives, identified by a network of 45 Resident Researchers exhibited robust associations with self-rated and mental health.

Neonatal Bacteremia and Cutaneous Lesions Caused by Photorhabdus luminescens: A Rare Gram-Negative Bioluminescent Bacterium.

Photorhabdus luminescens is a rare bacterium that causes human disease. In this report, we describe the case of a neonate with Photorhabdus luminescens bacteremia, including clinical presentation and treatment; we also report a literature review of rare human diseases.

Using Alternative Light Source Technology to Enhance Visual Inspection of the Skin.

Background: The identification of deep tissue pressure injury (DTPI) in the early stages of evolution presents a challenge, as skin compromise is only visually apparent when evidence of damage reaches its outer layers.

Case Description: We describe use of an alternative light source (ALS) to enhance visual skin assessment in 3 cases. Case 1 was a 47-year-old African American man with a hyperpigmented inner buttocks and a mixture of partial- and shallow full-thickness skin loss from incontinence-associated dermatitis and friction.

Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Is Not Increasing in a Population-Based Cohort in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA.

Objectives: To investigate the recent incidence of T1D in a US Midwestern county to determine whether this increase has been sustained and compare it with the incidence of celiac disease (CD) and also investigate the prevalence of CD, an associated autoimmune disease, within the cohort.

Patients And Methods: A broad search strategy was used to identify all incident cases of T1D in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 2010, using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Diagnosis and residency status were confirmed through the medical record.

Ten Years of Optimizing Outcomes for Women With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy-The Atlantic DIP Experience.

Context: Pregnancy for women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes is a time of increased risk for both mother and baby. The Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy program provides coordinated, evidence-based care for women with diabetes in Ireland. Founded in 2005, the program now shares outcomes over its first decade in caring for pregnant women with diabetes.

Comparing type 1 and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy- similar conditions or is a separate approach required?

Background: Pregnancy in women with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with increased risk. These conditions are managed similarly during pregnancy, and compared directly in analyses, however they affect women of different age, body mass index and ethnicity.

Methods: We assess if differences exist in pregnancy outcomes between T1DM and T2DM by comparing them directly and with matched controls.

Glucose as a risk predictor in acute medical emergency admissions.

Aims: The aims of this study were to examine the relationship between admission blood glucose and mortality in a large, unselected cohort of acutely ill medical patients and to assess the impact of diabetes on this relationship.

Methods: We studied the broad pattern of acute medical admissions over an eight year period and the impact of admission serum glucose on in-hospital mortality. Significant predictors of outcome, including acute illness severity and co-morbidity, were entered into a multivariate regression model, adjusting the univariate estimates of the glycaemic status on mortality.

Applying current screening tools for gestational diabetes mellitus to a European population: is it time for change?

Objective: The optimal screening regimen for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains controversial. Risk factors used in selective screening guidelines vary. Given that universal screening is not currently adopted in our European population, we aimed to evaluate which selective screening strategies were most applicable.

ATLANTIC DIP: closing the loop: a change in clinical practice can improve outcomes for women with pregestational diabetes.

Objective: Prospective evaluation of pregnancy outcomes in women with pregestational diabetes over 6 years.

Research Design And Methods: The ATLANTIC Diabetes in Pregnancy group provides care for women with diabetes throughout pregnancy. In 2007, the group identified that women were poorly prepared for pregnancy and outcomes were suboptimal.

Accessibility and screening uptake rates for gestational diabetes mellitus in Ireland.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy and is associated with a range of maternal and neonatal complications and conditions. Given increasing levels of prevalence worldwide, there are growing calls for the implementation of screening practices to identify and treat positive GDM cases. This paper uses a unique dataset to investigate the role of healthcare centre accessibility on the decision to attend for screening, employing geographic information systems, econometric and simulation techniques.

Trimester-specific reference intervals for haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in pregnancy.

Background: Diabetes in pregnancy imposes additional risks to both mother and infant. These increased risks are considered to be primarily related to glycaemic control which is monitored by means of glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)). The correlation of HbA(1c) with clinical outcomes emphasises the need to measure HbA(1c) accurately, precisely and for correct interpretation, comparison to appropriately defined reference intervals.