Patient emergency health-care use before hospital admission for COVID-19 and long-term outcomes in Scotland: a national cohort study.

Background: It is unclear what effect the pattern of health-care use before admission to hospital with COVID-19 (index admission) has on the long-term outcomes for patients. We sought to describe mortality and emergency readmission to hospital after discharge following the index admission (index discharge), and to assess associations between these outcomes and patterns of health-care use before such admissions.

Methods: We did a national, retrospective, complete cohort study by extracting data from several national databases and linking the databases for all adult patients admitted to hospital in Scotland with COVID-19.

Prospective validation of the 4C prognostic models for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol.

Purpose: To prospectively validate two risk scores to predict mortality (4C Mortality) and in-hospital deterioration (4C Deterioration) among adults hospitalised with COVID-19.

Methods: Prospective observational cohort study of adults (age ≥18 years) with confirmed or highly suspected COVID-19 recruited into the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK (CCP-UK) study in 306 hospitals across England, Scotland and Wales. Patients were recruited between 27 August 2020 and 17 February 2021, with at least 4 weeks follow-up before final data extraction.

Characterisation of in-hospital complications associated with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK: a prospective, multicentre cohort study.

Background: COVID-19 is a multisystem disease and patients who survive might have in-hospital complications. These complications are likely to have important short-term and long-term consequences for patients, health-care utilisation, health-care system preparedness, and society amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim was to characterise the extent and effect of COVID-19 complications, particularly in those who survive, using the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and outcomes of COVID-19 in the ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK cohort: a matched, prospective cohort study.

Background: Early in the pandemic it was suggested that pre-existing use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could lead to increased disease severity in patients with COVID-19. NSAIDs are an important analgesic, particularly in those with rheumatological disease, and are widely available to the general public without prescription. Evidence from community studies, administrative data, and small studies of hospitalised patients suggest NSAIDs are not associated with poorer COVID-19 outcomes.

The impact of web-based and face-to-face simulation education programs on nurses' response to patient deterioration: A multi-site interrupted time series study.

Background: Nurses' response to patient deterioration in acute hospital wards is a priority issue. Simulation education programs improve nurses' knowledge and confidence, but the translation into better care is largely unknown for both web based (WB) and face to face (F2F) simulation programs.

Aim: To measure the impact of simulation education on nurses' response to patient deterioration in acute medical ward settings, and to compare the impact of WB and F2F versions.

Development and validation of the ISARIC 4C Deterioration model for adults hospitalised with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Prognostic models to predict the risk of clinical deterioration in acute COVID-19 cases are urgently required to inform clinical management decisions.

Methods: We developed and validated a multivariable logistic regression model for in-hospital clinical deterioration (defined as any requirement of ventilatory support or critical care, or death) among consecutively hospitalised adults with highly suspected or confirmed COVID-19 who were prospectively recruited to the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium (ISARIC4C) study across 260 hospitals in England, Scotland, and Wales. Candidate predictors that were specified a priori were considered for inclusion in the model on the basis of previous prognostic scores and emerging literature describing routinely measured biomarkers associated with COVID-19 prognosis.

Risk stratification of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: development and validation of the 4C Mortality Score.

Objective: To develop and validate a pragmatic risk score to predict mortality in patients admitted to hospital with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19).

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting: International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK (CCP-UK) study (performed by the ISARIC Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium-ISARIC-4C) in 260 hospitals across England, Scotland, and Wales.

Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study.

Objective: To characterise the clinical features of patients admitted to hospital with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in the United Kingdom during the growth phase of the first wave of this outbreak who were enrolled in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK (CCP-UK) study, and to explore risk factors associated with mortality in hospital.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study with rapid data gathering and near real time analysis.

Setting: 208 acute care hospitals in England, Wales, and Scotland between 6 February and 19 April 2020.

Characterizing Adverse Events Reported Immediately After Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment.

Context: Although adverse events in various types of manual therapy have been previously investigated, little is known about the incidence and types of adverse events that occur after osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT).

Objective: To estimate the incidence and characterize the types of adverse events that patients report after OMT and prior to leaving the office to increase the likelihood of identifying adverse events caused by OMT.

Methods: As part of a prospective study evaluating the use and effectiveness of OMT, patients assessed how they felt immediately after OMT compared with before OMT using a 5-point ordinal rating scale (much better, better, about the same, worse, much worse).

The educational impact of web-based and face-to-face patient deterioration simulation programs: An interventional trial.

Background: There are international concerns relating to the management of patient deterioration. The "failure to rescue" literature identifies that nursing staff miss cues of deterioration and often fail to call for assistance. Simulation-based educational approaches may improve nurses' recognition and management of patient deterioration.

HIV-Risk Related Attitudes and Behaviors Among Older Impoverished Women Living in Puerto Rico.

HIV has increasingly impacted older adults regarding sero-prevalence and sero-incidence as long-term survivors of HIV/AIDS are living longer. This study examines the relationship between age and HIV-related attitudes and risk behaviors among female public housing residents in Puerto Rico. Using a self-administered survey instrument, 1,138 female public housing residents were surveyed between April and August 2006.

An Update of the Review of Neuropsychological Consequences of HIV and Substance Abuse: A Literature Review and Implications for Treatment and Future Research.

Neuropyschological dysfunction, ranging from mild cerebral indicators to dementia has been a consistent part of the medical picture of HIV/AIDS. However, advances in medical supervision, particularly as a result of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, have resulted in some mitigation of the neuropsychological effects of HIV and necessitate re-evaluation of the pattern and nature of HIV-related cognitive or mental deficits. The associated enhancements in morbidity and mortality that have occurred as a result of ARV medication have led to a need for interventions and programs that maintain behaviors that are healthy and stop the resurgence of the risk of HIV transmission.

Condom-use patterns among women who live in public housing developments in Ponce, Puerto Rico.

Abstract:Background. Understanding condom-use patterns and the reasons that women have for choosing not to use condoms with their sexual partners, (both steady and non-steady), is important to the development and implementation of targeted, culturally appropriate interventions that can promote condom use in low-income and impoverished women. Methods.

HIV-Testing Practices and a History of Substance Use among Women Living in Public Housing in Puerto Rico.

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between HIV testing practices and history of substance use among a large sample of women living in public housing in Puerto Rico and the relationships among HIV testing and history of substance abuse. A total of 1138 women were surveyed between April and August 2006 using a self-administered survey instrument. A total of 82% of the women in the sample group reported a history of HIV testing.

The viability of outercourse for HIV prevention within the Puerto Rican context.

Background: As the number of HIV/AIDS cases continues to increase in Puerto Rico, outercourse, or non-penetrative sexual activities, may be one alternative for healthy sexual living for persons living with or at risk for HIV/AIDS.

Methods: Between April and August 2006, we surveyed 1138 women living in low-income housing in Ponce, PR on their attitudes toward and participation in outercourse activities.

Results: The majority of the sample were aged >25 years (80.

Neuropsychological consequences of HIV and substance abuse: a literature review and implications for treatment and future research.

Neuropsychological dysfunction, ranging from mild cognitive symptoms to dementia has been a consistent part of the clinical picture of HIV/AIDS. However, advances in clinical management, particularly antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, have mitigated the neuropsychological effects of HIV and revised the pattern and nature of cognitive deficits, which are observed in HIV-infected individuals. The attendant improvements in mortality and morbidity have led to a need for programs and interventions that sustain healthy behavior and prevent a resurgence of HIV transmission risk.

The effect of sympathy on discriminatory attitudes toward persons living with HIV/AIDS in Puerto Rico: a hierarchical analysis of women living in public housing.

As the number of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) continues to increase in Puerto Rico, it becomes increasingly important to address the issues of stigma and other discriminatory attitudes. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to examine the attitudes toward PLWHA of a large sample of women living in public housing in Puerto Rico, including sympathy and support for PLWHA in the workplace and in school. A total of 1138 women completed a self-administered 218-item survey made up of questions that measured HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors.

HIV testing practices among women living in public housing in Puerto Rico.

Objective: The objective of our study was to examine HIV testing practices among a large sample of women living in public housing in Puerto Rico and the relationships among HIV testing, sociodemographic variables, and HIV-related behaviors.

Methods: A total of 1138 women were surveyed between April and August 2006 using a self-administered survey instrument.

Results: Eighty-two percent of the women in the sample group reported a history of HIV testing.

Trends in HIV risk perception, condom use and sexual history among Jamaican youth, 1996-2004.

As the number of HIV/AIDS cases continues to increase among youth, aged 15-24 years, it becomes critically important to identify the factors that are contributing to this increase. Trends in perceived risk and risk behaviours were examined among youth by sex and age in an attempt to address this concern. National-level cross-sectional data across three time periods (1996, 2000, 2004) gathered from youths, aged 15-24 years in Jamaica for six outcomes were examined (perceived risk, ever had sex, initiation of sex before age 14, multiple sexual partnerships, condom use at last sex with regular and non-regular partners).

Discriminatory attitudes toward persons living with HIV/AIDS in Jamaica: a hierarchical analysis of university students.

Background: As the number of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) continues to increase in Jamaica, concerns of discriminatory attitudes become more important.

Objective: To examine the attitudes of university students in Jamaica toward PLWHAs, including sympathy and support for PLWHAs in the workplace and in school.

Methods: The authors conducted a survey of 1,252 students between June 2001 and February 2002 using a 193-item questionnaire that measured HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.

Dialysis services in the hurricane-affected areas in 2005: lessons learned.

Background: Hurricane Katrina resulted in partial or complete devastation of dialysis services throughout the Gulf Coast, including the New Orleans metropolitan area. In the immediate aftermath, dialysis had to be provided to patients by surrounding communities in Louisiana, and ultimately by dialysis programs throughout the nation. Peritoneal dialysis patients, though typically more independent, also endured challenges in continuing dialysis following Hurricane Katrina.

Disaster planning for peritoneal dialysis programs.

Because of increased intensity of hurricanes in the Gulf Coast region of the United States, peritoneal dialysis (PD) programs have been disrupted and patients relocated temporarily following these catastrophic events. We describe the disaster planning, implementation, and follow-up that occurred in one such PD program in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina. Each year at the beginning of the North American hurricane season, the PD program's disaster plan is reviewed by clinic staff and copies are distributed to patients.

Sexual stigma and sympathy: attitudes toward persons living with HIV in Jamaica.

As the number of persons living with HIV continues to increase in Jamaica, attitudes and values become more important. This study aimed to examine the attitudes of university students in Jamaica toward persons living with HIV, including homosexual men, heterosexual men, women sex workers, other women, and children. One thousand two hundred and fifty-two students were surveyed between June 2001 and February 2002 using a 193-item questionnaire measuring a variety of HIV-related knowledge, attitudinal and behavioural items.

Chronic morphine exposure causes pronounced virus replication in cerebral compartment and accelerated onset of AIDS in SIV/SHIV-infected Indian rhesus macaques.

Six morphine-exposed and 3 control male Indian rhesus macaques were intravenously inoculated with mixture of SHIV(KU), SHIV(89.6)P and SIV/17E-Fr. These animals were followed for a period of 56 weeks in order to determine CD4 and CD8 profile, viral loads in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), relative distribution of 3 pathogenic viruses in blood and brain, binding as well neutralizing antibody levels and cellular immune responses.