Transesophageal echocardiography-guided versus fluoroscopy-guided patent foramen ovale closure: A single center registry.

Background: Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is conventionally performed under continuous transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) guidance. We aimed to evaluate whether a simplified procedural approach, including pure fluoroscopy-guidance and final TEE control, as well as an aimed 'next-day-discharge' is comparable with the conventional TEE-guided procedure in terms of periprocedural and intermediate-term outcomes.

Methods: All patients who underwent a PFO closure at our center between 2010 and 2022 were retrospectively included.

Investigation of three outbreaks of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea in Germany in 2016 demonstrates age dependent differences in the development of humoral immune response.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) has reemerged in Europe since 2014. Characterized by a rapid onset of diarrhea in pigs of all ages, morbidity can reach up to 100% whereas mortality is variable. The virus strains involved in the recent European outbreaks all cluster together with US strains (S INDEL) that lead to less severe clinical signs.