Role of social benefits for future long-term sickness absence, disability pension and unemployment among individuals on sickness absence due to mental diagnoses: a competing risk approach.

Purpose: To investigate associations between social benefits and disability pension (DP), long-term sickness absence (LTSA, ≥ 90 days), or unemployment among Swedish twins with sickness absence (SA) due to mental diagnoses.

Methods: This population-based prospective twin study included register data on first incident SA spell (< 90 days) due to mental diagnoses (ICD 10 codes F00-F99) during the follow-up 2005-2016. SA < 90 days due to other diagnoses than mental diagnoses or any other social insurance benefit was identified for the preceding year of the first incident SA spell due to mental diagnoses (coded yes/no).

Sick leave due to back pain, common mental disorders and disability pension: Common genetic liability.

Background: Back pain and common mental disorders are often comorbid and known risk factors for future disability pension. However, the reason for the covariation is not known. The aim was to investigate the common genetic and environmental influences on the covariation between sick leave due to back pain, sick leave due to common mental disorders and disability pension.

Health, work and demographic factors associated with a lower risk of work disability and unemployment in employees with lower back, neck and shoulder pain.

Background: Chronic musculoskeletal pain affects over 20% of the adult population and is one of the most common reasons for sick leave in Sweden. The aim of this study was to investigate which demographic, health and psychosocial work environment factors are of importance for a lower risk of future work disability and unemployment among workers with low back pain (LBP) and/or neck shoulder pain (NSP), and if familial factors influence these associations.

Methods: All 5556 persons that reported having LBP and/or NSP in a web-based questionnaire study in 2004-2006 were included.

Transitioning from sickness absence to disability pension-the impact of poor health behaviours: a prospective Swedish twin cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate the association between three poor health behaviours (current smoker, high consumption of alcohol and low physical activity levels) and the transition to disability pension (DP) among individuals who have recently been sickness absent. Furthermore, we aimed to explore whether having multiple poor health behaviours increased the risk of transitioning from sickness absence (SA) to DP.

Design: Prospective twin cohort study.

Sick leave due to mental disorders, morbidity and mortality: a prospective study of discordant twin pairs.

Purpose: To investigate if sick leave due to mental disorders increases the risk of morbidity measured by inpatient and specialized outpatient care, and mortality among women and men, independent of familial factors.

Methods: An open cohort study of 4979 twin pairs discordant for sick leave due to mental disorders was conducted in 2005-2013. Twins were followed up in the cause of death and national patient registries until the end of study, emigration, death, and inpatient and specialized outpatient care.

The role of occupational class on the association between sickness absence and disability pension: A Swedish register-based twin study.

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the association between long-term sickness absence (LTSA) due to mental disorders and musculoskeletal disorders and all-cause disability pension (DP) among blue- and white-collar workers. A secondary objective was to examine the influence of familial factors on the associations. Methods This was a prospective twin cohort study of 42 984 individuals (21-64 years at baseline), 3017 of whom had a new LTSA spell (>14 days) due to mental or musculoskeletal disorders in 2005-2006.

Time pressure and sleep problems due to thoughts about work as risk factors for future sickness absence.

Purpose: This study investigated whether time pressure or sleep problems due to thoughts about work are associated with future sickness absence (SA) among women and men employed in different sectors, also when adjusting for confounders including familial factors (genetics and shared environment).

Methods: The study sample included 16,127 twin individuals (52% women), aged 19-47 years who in 2005 participated in an online survey including questions regarding time pressure, sleep, work and health. Register data on SA (> 14 days) were obtained from the National Social Insurance Agency and individuals were followed from date of survey response until 12/31/2013.

The association between part-time and temporary employment and sickness absence: a prospective Swedish twin study.

Background: Sickness absence (SA) is becoming a major economic problem in many countries. Our aim was to investigate whether type of employment, including temporary employment or part-time employment, is associated with SA while controlling for familial factors (genetic and shared environment). Differences between men and women and across employment sectors were explored.

Night work as a risk factor for future cause-specific disability pension: A prospective twin cohort study in Sweden.

The objectives of the study were to investigate the associations between night work and disability pension (DP) due to all causes, cardiovascular (CVD), mental, and other diagnoses, adjusting for familial confounding. The material of the study included comprehensive survey data on 27 165 Swedish twins born in 1935-1958 that were linked with DP data for the survey period (1998-2003) to 2013. Night work was assessed as years of working nights at least every now and then, and categorized into not at all, 1-10 years and over 10 years.

Adverse outcomes of sick leave due to mental disorders: A prospective study of discordant twin pairs.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate whether sick leave due to different mental disorders increased the risk of reoccurring sick-leave, disability pension and unemployment, taking genetics and shared environment into account.

Methods: This register-based cohort study contains 2202 discordant twin pairs 18-64 years old, where one twin had sick leave due to a mental disorder 2005-2006. The end of the sick-leave spell was the start of follow-up for both twins.

Work-Home Interference, Perceived Total Workload, and the Risk of Future Sickness Absence Due to Stress-Related Mental Diagnoses Among Women and Men: a Prospective Twin Study.

Purpose: Work-home interference has been proposed as an important explanation for sickness absence (SA). Previous studies show mixed results, have not accounted for familial factors (genetics and shared everyday environment), or investigated diagnosis specific SA. The aim was to study whether work-home interference and perceived total workload predict SA due to stress-related mental diagnoses, or SA due to other mental diagnoses, among women and men, when adjusting for various confounders and familial factors.

Night work as a risk factor of future disability pension due to musculoskeletal diagnoses: a prospective cohort study of Swedish twins.

Background: This study investigated the associations between night work, sleep and disability pension (DP) due to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), while controlling for several confounding factors including both genetic factors and shared family background.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 27 165 Swedish twin individuals born in 1935-58 with comprehensive survey data on sociodemographic, health and lifestyle factors. Night work was assessed as years of working hours at night at least every now and then, and categorized into 'not at all, 1-10 years and over 10 years'.

An Underlying Common Factor, Influenced by Genetics and Unique Environment, Explains the Covariation Between Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Burnout: A Swedish Twin Study.

Depression and anxiety are highly comorbid due to shared genetic risk factors, but less is known about whether burnout shares these risk factors. We aimed to examine whether the covariation between major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and burnout is explained by common genetic and/or environmental factors. This cross-sectional study included 25,378 Swedish twins responding to a survey in 2005-2006.

High Job Demands, Job Strain, and Iso-Strain are Risk Factors for Sick Leave due to Mental Disorders: A Prospective Swedish Twin Study With a 5-Year Follow-Up.

Objective: To investigate whether psychosocial work environment and health behaviors are risk factors for sick leave due to mental disorders, and whether familial confounding (genetics and shared environment) explains the associations.

Methods: Respondents (n = 11,729), given to complete a questionnaire in 2004 to 2006, were followed up approximately 5 years for sick leave spells due to mental disorders, using national registry data. Data were analyzed using logistic regression, and conditional logistic regression for twin pairs discordant for sick leave (cotwin control).

The covariation between burnout and sick leave due to mental disorders is explained by a shared genetic liability: a prospective swedish twin study with a five-year follow-up.

Background: This study aims to assess whether the associations between burnout and sick leave due to stress-related mental disorders, other mental disorders, and somatic conditions are influenced by familial (genetic and shared environmental) factors.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 23,611 Swedish twins born between 1959 and 1985, who answered a web-based questionnaire, including the Pines Burnout Measure 2004-2006, were included. Registry data on sick leave spells from the response date until December 31, 2010 were obtained from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency.

Stressful and traumatic life events are associated with burnout-a cross-sectional twin study.

Background: Most burnout studies focus on symptoms of burnout in relation to work-related stress. However, recent studies have found that familial factors and stress in the personal life may also be of importance. Stressful and traumatic life events influence how individuals cope with stress over the life course and may therefore be associated with burnout symptoms.

Systematic review of the effectiveness of stage based interventions to promote smoking cessation.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions using a stage based approach in bringing about positive changes in smoking behaviour.

Design: Systematic review.

Data Sources: 35 electronic databases, catalogues, and internet resources (from inception to July 2002).