The long-term outcomes of Gleason grade groups 2 and 3 prostate cancer managed by active surveillance: Results from a large, population-based cohort.

Introduction: Active surveillance (AS) is an accepted management strategy for low-risk prostate cancer (PCa), but its role in the management of favorable intermediate-risk PCa remains controversial. Most reports studying the role of AS for these men generally lack long-term followup and include small numbers of patients. Our objective was to report the outcomes of men diagnosed with Gleason grade groups (GGG) 2 and 3 PCa who were managed expectantly.

Decreased ratio of influenza-specific IgG versus IgM in response to influenza vaccination in antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected African Americans compared to Caucasians, and its direct correlation with the percentages of peripheral Tfh cells.

Background: Racial differences have been observed in the rate of bacterial infection and disease progression in HIV. Here, we evaluate racial differences in seasonal influenza vaccine responses.

Methods: 16 healthy controls (9 Caucasians (CC) and 7 African Americans (AA)) and 26 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated aviremic HIV+ subjects (11 CC and 15 AA) were enrolled in the current study.

The genetic etiology of eosinophilic esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic disease associated with marked mucosal eosinophil accumulation. Multiple studies have reported a strong familial component to EoE, with the presence of EoE increasing the risk for other family members with EoE. Epidemiologic studies support an important role for environmental risk factors as modulators of genetic risk.

Doping homogeneity in co-doped materials investigated at different length scales.

Doping homogeneity is important for the properties of co-doped phosphors, as it can affect the energy transfer between sensitizer and activator ions. In a case study we apply different methods, that is scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping, SEM combined with cathodoluminescence (CL) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), to study the doping homogeneity of the host system monazite LaPO4 doped with two different lanthanide ions on different length scales. A new criterion for doping heterogeneity in co-doped systems is developed, which is based on the NMR visibility function, which for this purpose is extended to doping with two or more paramagnetic dopants.

Monitoring Eosinophilic Esophagitis Disease Activity With Blood Eosinophil Progenitor Levels.

Objectives: A minimally invasive biomarker to monitor disease activity is one of the greatest unmet clinical needs of the pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) population. We aimed to determine whether circulating eosinophil progenitors (EoPs) could be used as a biomarker to identify pediatric patients with active EoE.

Methods: In a prospective observational study, peripheral blood samples, symptom history, and laboratory data were collected from pediatric patients undergoing endoscopy for evaluation of EoE on dietary therapy at Cincinnati Children's Hospital.

Association of Dietary Magnesium Intake with Fatal Coronary Heart Disease and Sudden Cardiac Death.

Postmenopausal women represent the highest population-based burden of cardiovascular disease, including sudden cardiac death (SCD). Our understanding of the etiology and risk factors contributing to fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and SCD, particularly among women, is limited. This study examines the association between dietary magnesium intake and fatal CHD and SCD.

Stigma and abortion complications: stories from three continents.

Complications from abortion, while rare, are to be expected, as with any medical procedure. While the vast majority of serious abortion complications occur in parts of the world where abortion is legally restricted, legal access to abortion is not a guarantee of safety, particularly in regions where abortion is highly stigmatised. Women who seek abortion and caregivers who help them are universally negatively "marked" by their association with abortion.

genetic variation increases asthma risk in children with secondhand smoke exposure.

Objective: We previously reported that children exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) that carried variants in the NAT1 gene had over two-fold higher hair cotinine levels. Our objective was to determine if NAT1 polymorphisms confer increased risk for developing asthma in children exposed to SHS.

Methods: White participants in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study ( = 359) were genotyped for 10 variants.

Correction: The Genomics Research and Innovation Network: creating an interoperable, federated, genomics learning system.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Disordered eating behaviours in female physique athletes.

Despite substantial growth in participation rates in physique sports, little is known about the modern day female physique athlete. The extreme physique traits of successful female physique athletes suggest this population may be particularly at risk of developing disordered eating (DE). The aim of this study was to determine if female physique athletes across the main divisions of bikini, fitness, figure and bodybuilding were at risk of DE and to explore possible associated risk factors.

Novel risk genes and mechanisms implicated by exome sequencing of 2572 individuals with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease with high mortality despite recent therapeutic advances. Pathogenic remodeling of pulmonary arterioles leads to increased pulmonary pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure. Mutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 and other risk genes predispose to disease, but the vast majority of non-familial cases remain genetically undefined.

Adolescents' and Parents' Genomic Testing Decisions: Associations With Age, Race, and Sex.

Purpose: Adolescents will increasingly be involved in decisions about the return of genomic results. We examined adolescents' and parents' decisions about learning actual genomic research results for the adolescent and whether choices were associated with participants' demographic factors.

Methods: Adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years and a parent (dyads) were recruited through flyers, social media, employee emails, and clinic visits at a pediatric hospital.

Trusted Colleagues or Incompetent Hacks? Development of the Attitudes About Abortion-Providing Physicians Scale.

Background: Many physicians who provide abortion care report feeling marginalized within medicine. Because abortion care can require consultation with many types of physicians, physician opinions of providers may have implications for quality of care. However, no measure of physicians' attitudes about abortion-providing colleagues currently exists.

NF1 patient missense variants predict a role for ATM in modifying neurofibroma initiation.

In Neurofibromatosis type 1, NF1 gene mutations in Schwann cells (SC) drive benign plexiform neurofibroma (PNF), and no additional SC changes explain patient-to-patient variability in tumor number. Evidence from twin studies suggests that variable expressivity might be caused by unidentified modifier genes. Whole exome sequencing of SC and fibroblast DNA from the same resected PNFs confirmed biallelic SC NF1 mutations; non-NF1 somatic SC variants were variable and present at low read number.

Decisional conflict among adolescents and parents making decisions about genomic sequencing results.

Genomic testing of adolescents is increasing yet engaging them in decision-making is not routine. We assessed decisional conflict in adolescents and a parent making independent decisions about actual genomic testing results and factors that influenced their choices. We enrolled 163 dyads consisting of an adolescent (13-17 years) not selected based on a specific clinical indication and one parent.

Identification of anoctamin 1 (ANO1) as a key driver of esophageal epithelial proliferation in eosinophilic esophagitis.

Background: The pathology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is characterized by eosinophil-rich inflammation, basal zone hyperplasia (BZH), and dilated intercellular spaces, and the underlying processes that drive the pathologic manifestations of the disease remain largely unexplored.

Objective: We sought to investigate the involvement of the calcium-activated chloride channel anoctamin 1 (ANO1) in esophageal proliferation and the histopathologic features of EoE.

Methods: We examined mRNA and protein expression of ANO1 in esophageal biopsy samples from patients with EoE and in mice with EoE.

Obstetrical and neonatal factors associated with optimal public banking of umbilical cord blood in the context of delayed cord clamping.

Purpose: To assess the association of specific newborn and maternal factors with indicators of increased blood-forming capacity in umbilical cord blood to inform strategic collection strategies that could augment the quality of units in public cord blood banks.

Methods: Data regarding 268 consecutive cord blood units (CBUs) banked by Canadian Blood Services were analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with markers of hematopoietic potency and likelihood of utilization.

Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risks of First Hospitalized Heart Failure and its Subtypes During the Intervention and Extended Postintervention Follow-up of the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trials.

Background: We assessed whether postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) was associated with incident heart failure (HF) and its subtypes and examined whether there was a modifying effect of age on the associations.

Methods And Results: Postmenopausal women aged 50-79 enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative HT trials were analyzed. The 16,486 women with a uterus were randomized to receive conjugated equine estrogens (CEE 0.

Diet Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Women's Health Initiative.

Background Dietary patterns are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the general population, but diet-CVD association in populations with diabetes mellitus is limited. Our objective was to examine the association between diet quality and CVD risk in a population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods and Results We analyzed prospective data from 5809 women with prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline from the Women's Health Initiative.

The Genomics Research and Innovation Network: creating an interoperable, federated, genomics learning system.

Purpose: Clinicians and researchers must contextualize a patient's genetic variants against population-based references with detailed phenotyping. We sought to establish globally scalable technology, policy, and procedures for sharing biosamples and associated genomic and phenotypic data on broadly consented cohorts, across sites of care.

Methods: Three of the nation's leading children's hospitals launched the Genomic Research and Innovation Network (GRIN), with federated information technology infrastructure, harmonized biobanking protocols, and material transfer agreements.

Weighing in on asthma: Insights on BMI, magnesium, and hospitalizations from the Ohio Pediatric Asthma Repository.

Little is known about weight status and its effects on clinical course during hospitalization for asthma exacerbation. We sought to evaluate associations between weight status, specifically body mass index (BMI), with inpatient clinical course and clinical history. We retrospectively analyzed data from 2012 to 2013 on children hospitalized for asthma exacerbation in a state-wide longitudinal cohort, the Ohio Pediatric Asthma Repository.

Thyroid Function Screening in Children and Adolescents With Mood and Anxiety Disorders.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) measures in youth with severe mood and anxiety disorders and to examine clinical and demographic predictors of abnormal TSH measures.

Methods: We retrospectively examined screening TSH concentrations in psychiatrically hospitalized children and adolescents (3-19 years) with mood/anxiety disorders (DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria) at a large, urban, pediatric hospital between September 2013 and April 2017. Symptoms were extracted from the medical record using adaptive natural language processing algorithms, and the utility of demographic, clinical, and treatment variables as predictors of abnormal TSH measures was evaluated using logistic regression.

Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Matched Case-Control Study within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

Background And Aims: The association of fatty acids with coronary heart disease (CHD) has been examined, mainly through dietary measurements, and has generated inconsistent results due to measurement error. Large observational studies and randomized controlled trials have shown that plasma phospholipid fatty acids (PL-FA), especially those less likely to be endogenously synthesized, are good biomarkers of dietary fatty acids. Thus, PL-FA profiles may better predict CHD risk with less measurement error.