Program characteristics of cardiothoracic surgery departments versus divisions.

Background: The organizational structure of cardiothoracic surgery practices varies among different programs throughout the United States (U.S.).

Initial primary spontaneous pneumothorax in children and adolescents: Operate or wait?

Purpose: The management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) in the pediatric population is not standardized. The purpose of this study was to understand the management options for a first episode of PSP in children and adolescents, and their associated outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted for patients 5-20 years old with a diagnosis of PSP at a large academic children's hospital between 2002 and 2014.