Altered development and reproduction in mosquitofish exposed to pulp and paper mill effluent in the Fenholloway River, Florida USA.

Female mosquitofish exposed to pulp and paper mill effluent (PME) in the Fenholloway River, Florida, USA have masculinized secondary sex characteristics and altered aromatase enzyme activity. We and others have shown that the Fenholloway River PME contains androgenic and progestogenic substance(s). The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the development and reproductive health of PME-exposed Fenholloway River mosquitofish are altered compared to mosquitofish living in Econfina River, which is the reference site.

Concentrations of selective metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in the United States population.

We report population-based concentrations (stratified by age, sex, and composite race/ethnicity variables) of selective metabolites of chlorpyrifos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; TCPY), chlorpyrifos methyl (TCPY), malathion (malathion dicarboxylic acid; MDA), diazinon (2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine; IMPY), methyl parathion (para-nitrophenol; PNP), and parathion (PNP). We measured the concentrations of TCPY, MDA, IMPY, and PNP in 1997 urine samples from participants, aged 6-59 years, of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000. We detected TCPY in more than 96% of the samples tested.

Quantification of phenolic metabolites of environmental chemicals in human urine using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution quantification.

We have developed a method to measure 12 urinary phenolic metabolites of pesticides or related chemicals. The target chemicals for our method are 2-isopropoxyphenol; 2,4-dichlorophenol; 2,5-dichlorophenol; carbofuranphenol; 2,4,5-trichlorophenol; 2,4,6-trichlorophenol; 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; para-nitrophenol, ortho-phenylphenol, pentachlorophenol, 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol. The sample preparation involves enzyme hydrolysis, isolation of the target chemicals using solid phase extraction cartridges, a phase-transfer catalyzed derivatization, cleanup using sorbent-immobilized liquid/liquid extraction cartridges, and concentration of the sample.

Measurement of dialkyl phosphate metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in human urine using lyophilization with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution quantification.

Urinary dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites have been used to estimate human exposure to organophosphorus pesticides. We developed a method for quantifying the six DAP urinary metabolites of at least 28 organophosphorus pesticides using lyophilization and chemical derivatization followed by analysis using isotope-dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Urine samples were spiked with stable isotope analogues of the DAPs and the water was removed from the samples using a lyophilizer.

Concentrations of dialkyl phosphate metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in the U.S. population.

We report population-based concentrations, stratified by age, sex, and racial/ethnic groups, of dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of multiple organophosphorus pesticides. We measured dimethylphosphate (DMP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP), diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), and diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) concentrations in 1,949 urine samples collected in U.S.