COVID-19 Infection Rates in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Inmates: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background In 2023, breakthrough COVID-19 infections among vaccinated individuals and reinfections in previously infected people have become common. Additionally, infections are due to Omicron subvariants of the virus that behave differently from those at the onset of the pandemic. Understanding how vaccination and natural immunity influence COVID-19 infection rates is crucial, especially in high-density congregate settings such as prisons, to inform public health strategies.

Foxd3 is an essential Nodal-dependent regulator of zebrafish dorsal mesoderm development.

Establishment of the embryonic mesoderm is dependent on integration of multiple signaling and transcriptional inputs. We report that the transcriptional regulator Foxd3 is essential for dorsal mesoderm formation in zebrafish, and that this function is dependent on the Nodal pathway. Foxd3 gain-of-function results in expanded dorsal mesodermal gene expression, including the Nodal-related gene cyclops, and body axis dorsalization.