Immunogenicity of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Different Clinical and Cosmetic Treatment, a Literature Review.

Background: Botulinum toxin type A is widely utilized for both therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, yet concerns regarding its immunogenicity have raised issues related to treatment failure and adverse reactions.

Objective: This review aims to evaluate the immunogenicity of commercially available botulinum toxin type A products across various clinical indications and identify the risk factors associated with antibody formation.

Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to find studies that investigated the immunogenicity of botulinum toxin type A in patients treated for different conditions.

Anatomical Considerations for Thread Lifting Procedure.

Background: Thread lifting is a minimally invasive procedure that enhances facial aesthetics by repositioning sagging tissues with absorbable threads. It requires a comprehensive understanding of facial anatomy for safe and effective results.

Aims: This study aims to highlight the critical anatomical considerations in thread lifting, including the navigation of facial vascular structures, the protection of facial nerves, manipulation of fat compartments, and engagement of retaining ligaments.

Anatomical Guidelines and Technical Tips for Neck Aesthetics with Botulinum Toxin.

Botulinum toxin can be used for various purposes to enhance neck aesthetics, addressing concerns such as platysmal bands, optimizing the cervicomental angle, preventing worsening of horizontal neckline and decolletage lines during aging, submandibular gland hypertrophy, and hypertrophied superior trapezius muscle. Understanding the anatomy of muscles such as the trapezius, platysma, and submandibular gland is crucial for achieving desirable outcomes with botulinum toxin administration. Techniques for injecting botulinum toxin into these muscles are discussed, emphasizing safety and efficacy.

Poly-d,l-lactic Acid (PDLLA) Application in Dermatology: A Literature Review.

Poly-d,l-lactic acid (PDLLA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer that has garnered significant attention in dermatology due to its unique properties and versatile applications. This literature review offers a comprehensive analysis of PDLLA's roles in various dermatological conditions and wound-healing applications. PDLLA demonstrates significant benefits in enhancing skin elasticity and firmness, reducing wrinkles, and promoting tissue regeneration and scar remodeling.

Ocular Complication in Facial Aesthetic Laser and Light Treatments: A Comprehensive Review.

Background: The increasing popularity of laser- and light-based esthetic treatments for facial rejuvenation has raised concerns regarding ocular safety. Although these procedures are generally considered safe and effective, there is a growing body of evidence highlighting the potential for ocular complications. This review aims to systematically analyze the types and mechanisms of ocular injuries associated with such treatments, as well as to evaluate preventive measures and management strategies.

Cosmeceuticals in photoaging: A review.

Background: Photoaging is a process of the architecture of normal skin damaged by ultraviolet radiation. Topical cosmeceuticals have been used to treat this condition. The authors aimed to understand the mechanism and level of evidence of different commonly used cosmeceuticals used to treat photodamaged skin.

Rheological Characteristics of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers as Viscoelastic Substances.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are widely used in esthetic medicine and are categorized into biphasic and monophasic types based on their manufacturing processes. To evaluate the quality of these fillers, it is essential to understand their rheological properties, which reflect their viscoelastic nature. Rheology, the study of material deformation and flow, reveals how fillers behave under stress, combining properties of solids and liquids.

Review of the Adverse Effects Associated with Dermal Filler Treatments: Part I Nodules, Granuloma, and Migration.

The increase in the use of filler treatments within minimally invasive cosmetic surgery has correspondingly escalated the variety and frequency of associated side effects. Initially, unregulated procedures led to primary side effects such as infections, foreign body reactions, and granuloma formation. However, severe vascular complications like skin and tissue necrosis and blindness have emerged as recognized risks.

Reverse and antegrade vector thread lifting techniques: Correcting nasolabial and marionette lines.

Background: This study evaluates the efficacy of reverse and antegrade thread lifting vectors in conjunction with thread selection for correcting nasolabial folds and marionette lines, aiming to enhance treatment precision and effectiveness.

Methods: Three female patients aged 43, 48, and 53, presenting with primary concerns regarding nasolabial folds, underwent distinct treatment regimens utilizing various types of threads and vectors. Additionally, video demonstrations were recorded to showcase the procedural techniques employed in each case.

Clinical Applications of Exosomes: A Critical Review.

Exosomes, small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by cells, have gained significant attention for their therapeutic potential. Measuring 30-100 nm in diameter and derived from various cell types, exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and RNA between cells. This review analyzes existing literature on the clinical applications of exosomes.

Adverse Effects Associated with Dermal Filler Treatments: Part II Vascular Complication.

Vascular complications arising from dermal filler treatments pose significant risks, including ischemia, tissue necrosis, and severe outcomes like blindness and pulmonary embolism. This study investigates the mechanisms of vascular complications, categorizing them into extravascular compression and intravascular emboli. Extravascular compression occurs when injected fillers compress adjacent blood vessels, leading to ischemia and potential necrosis, while intravascular emboli result from fillers entering blood vessels, causing blockages.

Using dermal filler to camouflage forehead osteoma: A case report.

Objective: To review the technique and outcomes of using dermal filler to camouflage forehead osteoma, providing a minimally invasive alternative to surgical excision.

Background: Forehead osteoma, commonly known as a forehead bump or bone spur, can be a cosmetic concern. Surgical excision, while effective, carries risks of scarring and postoperative complications.

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Background: Acne vulgaris often results in permanent scars, with atrophic scars being the most common type and posing a significant therapeutic challenge due to their prevalence and impact on patients' quality of life. Various treatment options exist, including the use of poly-d,l-lactic acid delivered via different methods.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of poly-d,l-lactic acid delivered via laser-assisted needle-free microjet injection for treating atrophic scars.

Use of platelet rich plasma for skin rejuvenation.

Objective: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is recognized as a safe and effective therapy for regenerative skin healing and rejuvenation, utilizing autologous blood enriched with various growth factors. This review aims to assess the efficacy of PRP treatments for skin rejuvenation.

Methods: Keywords such as "platelet-rich plasma," "rejuvenation," "skin aging," and "wrinkles" were queried on Ovid, PubMed, and MEDLINE to identify pertinent studies on PRP treatment for skin rejuvenation.