Physiographic Environment Classification: a Controlling Factor Classification of Landscape Susceptibility to Waterborne Contaminant Loss.

Spatial variation in the landscape factors climate, geomorphology, and lithology cause significant differences in water quality issues even when land use pressures are similar. The Physiographic Environment Classification (PEC) classifies landscapes based on their susceptibility to the loss of water quality contaminants. The classification is informed by a conceptual model of the landscape factors that control the hydrochemical maturity of water discharged to streams.

Pneumocephalus secondary to removal of an osteoma from the paranasal sinuses of a horse.

Case Description: A 2-year-old Quarter Horse was evaluated because of a progressive left-sided facial deformity and unilateral nasal and ocular discharge.

Clinical Findings: Physical examination revealed convexity of the left frontonasal region, left-sided nasal and ocular discharge, and decreased air flow through the left nares. Radiography and computed tomography revealed an extensively mineralized mass occupying most of the left paranasal sinuses.